Table 1.
Sociodemographics and Infant Characteristics With Use of Internet/Email and Mobile Technology (n = 169).
| Use of Internet, n (%) |
Use of Email, n (%) |
Use of Smartphone, n (%) |
Use of Texting, n (%) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | Yes | No | P | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Sociodemographics | |||||||||||||
| Person completing survey | |||||||||||||
| Mother | 156 | 118 (92.9) | 38 (95.0) | .99 | 107 (93.0) | 49 (94.2) | .77 | 120 (95.2) | 36 (87.8) | .10 | 135 (95.7) | 21 (80.8) | .02 |
| Father | 11 | 9 (7.1) | 2 (5.0) | 8 (7.0) | 3 (5.8) | 6 (4.8) | 5 (12.2) | 6 (4.3) | 5 (19.2) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White non-Hispanic | 10 | 9 (7.7) | 1 (2.8) | .11 | 9 (8.3) | 1 (2.2) | .42 | 9 (7.8) | 1 (2.7) | .37 | 9 (6.9) | 1 (4.3) | .10 |
| Hispanic | 111 | 79 (67.5) | 32 (88.9) | 75 (69.4) | 36 (80.0) | 86 (74.1) | 25 (67.6) | 98 (75.4) | 13 (56.5) | ||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 16 | 14 (12.0) | 2 (5.6) | 11 (10.2) | 5 (11.1) | 10 (8.6) | 6 (16.2) | 12 (9.2) | 4 (17.4) | ||||
| Other | 16 | 15 (12.8) | 1 (2.8) | 13 (12.0) | 3 (6.7) | 11 (9.5) | 5 (13.5) | 11 (8.5) | 5 (21.7) | ||||
| Income ($/year) | |||||||||||||
| Less than $20 000 | 91 | 60 (50.0) | 31 (83.8) | .001 | 56 (50.9) | 32 (74.5) | .04 | 67 (56.3) | 24 (63.2) | .46 | 80 (60.2) | 11 (45.8) | .22 |
| $20 00l-$40 000 | 35 | 33 (27.5) | 2 (5.4) | 29 (26.4) | 6 (12.8) | 28 (23.5) | 7 (18.4) | 28 (21.0) | 7 (29.2) | ||||
| $40 00l-$60 000 | 14 | 13 (10.8) | 1 (2.7) | 11 (10.0) | 3 (6.4) | 10 (8.4) | 4 (10.5) | 11 (8.3) | 3 (12.5) | ||||
| $60 00l-$80 000 | 9 | 6 (5.0) | 3 (8.1) | 6 (5.5) | 3 (6.4) | 6 (5.0) | 3 (7.9) | 6 (4.5) | 3 (12.5) | ||||
| More than $80 000 | 8 | 8 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 8 (7.3) | 0 (0) | 8 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 8 (6.0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Maternal education | |||||||||||||
| ≤High school | 50 | 40 (36.4) | 10 (35.7) | .95 | 33 (32.7) | 17 (46.0) | .15 | 40 (36.7) | 10 (34.5) | .82 | 44 (37.3) | 6 (30.0) | .53 |
| At least some college | 88 | 70 (63.6) | 18 (64.3) | 68 (67.3) | 20 (54.0) | 69 (63.3) | 19 (65.5) | 74 (62.7) | 14 (70.0) | ||||
| Language | |||||||||||||
| Non-English | 104 | 75 (63.6) | 29 (78.4) | .09 | 66 (60.6) | 38 (82.6) | .008 | 74 (62.7) | 30 (81.1) | .04 | 87 (65.9) | 17 (73.9) | .45 |
| English | 51 | 43 (36.4) | 8 (21.6) | 43 (39.4) | 8 (17.4) | 44 (37.3) | 7 (18.9) | 45 (34.1) | 6 (26.1) | ||||
| Infant characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Birthweight (g) | |||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 169 | 1111 (606) | 1197 (648) | .52 | 1070 (543) | 1337 (786) | 1124 (631) | 1165 (544) | .23 | 1135 (615) | 1090 (633) | .81 | |
| ≤1000 | 62 | 49 (55.1) | 13 (46.4) | .52 | 51 (56.7) | 11 (40.7) | .11 | 51 (53.1) | 11 (52.4) | .88 | 54 (50.9) | 8 (72.7) | .36 |
| ≥1000 to <1500 | 32 | 23 (25.8) | 9 (32.1) | 23 (25.6) | 9 (33.3) | 27 (28.1) | 5 (23.8) | 31 (29.2) | 1 (9.1) | ||||
| ≥ 1500 to <2500 | 16 | 13 (14.6) | 3 (10.7) | 13 (14.4) | 3 (11.1) | 12 (12.5) | 4 (19.1) | 15 (14.2) | 1 (9.1) | ||||
| ≥2500 | 7 | 4 (4.5) | 3 (10.7) | 3 (3.3) | 4 (14.8) | 6 (6.3) | 1 (4.8) | 6 (5.7) | 1 (9.1) | ||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.7 (3.2) | 28.9 (3.4) | .09 | 27.6 (3.3) | 29.4 (3.0) | .009 | 27.8 (3.3) | 28.8 (3.4) | .78 | 27.9 (3.3) | 28.7 (3.4) | .48 | |
| <28 | 56 | 44 (46.8) | 12 (38.7) | .10 | 46 (48.9) | 10 (32.3) | .35 | 42 (41.6) | 14 (58.3) | .05 | 48 (42.5) | 8 (66.7) | .04 |
| ≥28 to <32 | 48 | 36 (38.3) | 12 (38.7) | 34 (36.2) | 14 (45.1) | 44 (43.6) | 4 (16.7) | 47 (41.6) | 1 (8.3) | ||||
| ≥32 to <34 | 13 | 11 (11.7) | 2 (6.5) | 9 (9.6) | 4 (12.9) | 10 (9.9) | 3 (12.5) | 12 (10.6) | 1 (8.3) | ||||
| ≥34 to <37 | 8 | 3 (3.2) | 5 (16.1) | 5 (5.3) | 3 (9.7) | 5 (4.9) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (5.3) | 2 (16.7) | ||||
| Infant chronologic age | 12.0 (6.7) | 11.9 (7.4) | .97 | 11.8 (6.7) | 12.2 (7.6) | .80 | 11.9 (6.4) | 12.1 (8.6) | .88 | 11.9 (6.7) | 12.4 (8.7) | .80 | |
| Mean (SD) | |||||||||||||
| Neonatal comorbiditiesa | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 103 | 79 (61.2) | 24 (60.0) | .89 | 79 (67.5) | 24 (46.2) | .009 | 83 (64.8) | 20 (48.8) | .07 | 93 (65.0) | 10 (38.5) | .01 |
| No | 66 | 50 (38.8) | 16 (40.0) | 38 (32.5) | 28 (53.9) | 45 (35.2) | 21 (51.2) | 50 (35.0) | 16 (61.5) | ||||
| ≥2 clinic appointments/month | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 124 | 95 (74.2) | 29 (74.4) | .99 | 88 (75.2) | 36 (72.0) | .66 | 94 (73.4) | 30 (76.9) | .66 | 104 (73.2) | 20 (80.0) | .62 |
| No | 43 | 33 (25.8) | 10 (25.6) | 29 (24.8) | 14 (28.0) | 34 (26.6) | 9 (23.1) | 38 (26.8) | 5 (20.0) | ||||
| Use of medical equipmentb | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 49 | 37 (28.7) | 12 (30.0) | .87 | 33 (28.2) | 16 (30.8) | .73 | 39 (30.5) | 10 (24.4) | .46 | 40 (28.0) | 9 (34.6) | .49 |
| No | 120 | 92 (71.3) | 28 (70.0) | 84 (71.8) | 36 (69.2) | 89 (69.5) | 31 (75.6) | 103 (72.0) | 17 (65.4) | ||||
| Post-discharge diagnosesc | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 108 | 81 (86.2) | 27 (87.1) | .99 | 83 (88.3) | 25 (80.7) | .28 | 88 (87.1) | 20 (83.3) | .74 | 98 (86.7) | 10 (83.3) | .67 |
| No | 17 | 13 (13.8) | 4 (12.9) | 11 (11.7) | 6 (19.3) | 13 (12.9) | 4 (16.7) | 15 (13.3) | 2 (16.7) | ||||
a
Neonatal comorbidities include at least one diagnosis of fetal growth restriction, surfactant deficiency, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, patent ductus arteriosus, and retinopathy of prematurity.
b
Use of medical equipment includes oxygen, tracheostomy, wheelchair, adaptive stroller, and feeding tube.
c
Post-discharge diagnoses include at least one diagnosis of autism, global developmental delay, and cerebral palsy.