Table 2.

Impact Event Scale-Revised.

Variable	HPDE	HPOF	Statistics	Effect size	p-value
IES-R	26.47 ± 11.7	18.14 ± 10.6	10.049	0.78c	0.00*
Normal	109	191	41.77b	0.24d	0.00*
Mild	155	128
Moderate	34	32
Severe	13	21
Subgroup
Intrusion	10.28 ± 4,7	7.37 ± 4.2	8.774a	0.65c	0.00*
Avoidance	8.97 ± 4.3	6.39 ± 3.9	8.456a	0.63c	0.00*
Hyperarousal	7.20 ± 3.2	4.38 ± 2.6	13.128a	0.98c	0.00*

HPDE, frontline healthcare providers who had been dispatched to the epicenter of COVID-19 in China; HPOF, frontline healthcare providers in the original medical facility.

^aχ²-value.

^bt-value.

^cCohen's d.

^dCramer's V.

^*P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.