Table 3.

Appraisal.

Variable	Working Position					Occupation of HPDE
	HPDE	HPOF	Cohen's d	t-value	p-value	Doctor	Nurse	Cohen's d	t-value	p-value
Health of self	2.73 ± 0.5	2.26 ± 0.5	0.87	11.71	0.00*	2.64 ± 0.5	2.80 ± 0.5	0.22	−2.94	0.00*
Health of family/others	2.92 ± 0. 6	2.47 ± 0.6	0.79	10.67	0.00*	2.85 ± 0.6	2.99 ± 0.6	0.17	−2.34	0.00*
Virus spread	3.01 ± 0.6	2.54 ± 0.6	0.80	10.72	0.00*	2.93 ± 0.6	3.00 ± 0.5	0.18	−2.46	0.00*
Vulnerability orloss of control	2.64 ± 0.6	2.26 ± 0.6	0.63	8.48	0.00*	2.61 ± 0.5	2.67 ± 0.6	0.07	−0.92	0.00*
Changes in work	2.41 ± 0.6	1.98 ± 0.6	0.68	9.22	0.00*	2.30 ± 0.6	2.51 ± 0.7	0.25	−3.32	0.00*
Being isolated	2.30 ± 0.7	2.19 ± 0.7	0.17	2.34	0.02*	2.26 ± 0.7	2.34 ± 0.7	0.10	−1.30	0.19

HPDE, frontline healthcare providers who had been dispatched to the epicenter of COVID-19 in China; HPOF, frontline healthcare providers in the original medical facility.

Scores ranged from 0 to 3 of the first six dimensions, the score of general health ranged from 1 to 4. Scores were shown as Mean ± SD.

^*P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Reliabilities (Cronbach's α) for the above six dimensions were 0.83, 0.82, 0.83, 0.85, 0.83, and 0.85.