Table 1.
Participants (n = 478) | |
---|---|
Demographic | |
Men/women (n) | 255/167 |
Age (years) | 67.27 (9.51) |
Educational level (years) | 11.12 (5.62) |
Socioeconomic status | |
A (high) | 14.4% |
B (middle) | 40.3% |
C (low) | 37.4% |
D–E (very low) | 7.7% |
Clinical | |
Disease duration (years) | 8.53 (6.27) |
Estimated Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage | 2.21 (0.94) |
H&Y 1 | 35.5% |
H&Y 2 | 7.7% |
H&Y 3 | 56.6% |
Self-reported freezing of gait | |
Yes | 57.3% |
No | 42.6% |
Self-reported MDS-UPDRS-IB (scores) | |
UPSD | 52.7% |
Neutral (no difference) | 35.5% |
FPSD | 11.7% |
Self-reported MDS-UPDRS-II (scores) | |
UPSD | 60.0% |
Neutral (no difference) | 29.2% |
FPSD | 10.6% |
Self-reported emotional and mental health (scores) | |
UPSD | 76.3% |
Neutral (no difference) | 15.9% |
FPSD | 7.7% |
Self-reported fear of falling (scores) | |
UPSD | 46.6% |
Neutral (no difference) | 48.5% |
FPSD | 4.8% |
Self-reported PDQ-8 (score) | |
UPSD | 49.7% |
Neutral (no difference) | 30.3% |
FPSD | 18.8% |
L-Dopa-equivalent daily dose (mg/day) | 629.32 (487.37) |
Change in medication dosage during social distancing | |
Yes | 6.07% |
No | 93.3% |
Other diseases | |
None | 27.6% |
1 | 29.9% |
2 | 23.65 |
3 | 11.0% |
4 or more | 7.7% |
Perceptions and implications of social distancing | |
Duration of social distancing (weeks) | 7.70 (3.03) |
Probability of falling | |
Low | 11.5% |
Moderate | 38.9% |
High | 49.5% |
Fear of the COVID-19 pandemic | |
I am not afraid | 17.7% |
I worry a little | 35.7% |
I worry a lot | 46.4% |
Change in routine | |
No changes | 13.8% |
A little different | 44.5% |
Much different | 41.6% |
Have you stopped other treatments for Parkinson's disease due to social distancing? | |
Yes | 62.1% |
No | 37.8% |
If your response to the question above is “yes,” then what? | |
Voice therapy | 60.3% |
Psychologist | 26.1% |
Acupuncture | 10.8% |
Nursing guidance | 1.1% |
Occupational therapy | 13.5% |
Painting classes | 5.9% |
Other | 35.3% |
Have you been practicing physical activities since the beginning of social distancing? | |
Yes | 70.6% |
No | 29.7% |
If your response to the question above is “yes,” then how? | |
Self-guided | 54.9% |
Guided by a family member | 10.7% |
Distance-guided supervision from a professional | 31.2% |
Self-guided apps or TV shows | 1.2% |
Self-guided Internet (e.g., videos) | 1.2% |
Perception of decreased physical activity volume | |
No changes | 13.5% |
Sometimes | 0.9% |
Almost always | 14.4% |
Always | 62.7% |
FPSD, favorable perceptions of social distancing; UPSD, unfavorable perceptions of social distancing; MDS-UPDRS-IB, Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part IB; MDS-UPDRS-II, Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II; PDQ-8, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.