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. 2021 Jul 30;12:708433. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.708433

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, clinical perception, and perceptions and implications of social distancing due to COVID-19 pandemic of the participants (mean, SD).

Participants (n = 478)
Demographic
Men/women (n) 255/167
Age (years) 67.27 (9.51)
Educational level (years) 11.12 (5.62)
Socioeconomic status
A (high) 14.4%
B (middle) 40.3%
C (low) 37.4%
D–E (very low) 7.7%
Clinical
Disease duration (years) 8.53 (6.27)
Estimated Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage 2.21 (0.94)
H&Y 1 35.5%
H&Y 2 7.7%
H&Y 3 56.6%
Self-reported freezing of gait
Yes 57.3%
No 42.6%
Self-reported MDS-UPDRS-IB (scores)
UPSD 52.7%
Neutral (no difference) 35.5%
FPSD 11.7%
Self-reported MDS-UPDRS-II (scores)
UPSD 60.0%
Neutral (no difference) 29.2%
FPSD 10.6%
Self-reported emotional and mental health (scores)
UPSD 76.3%
Neutral (no difference) 15.9%
FPSD 7.7%
Self-reported fear of falling (scores)
UPSD 46.6%
Neutral (no difference) 48.5%
FPSD 4.8%
Self-reported PDQ-8 (score)
UPSD 49.7%
Neutral (no difference) 30.3%
FPSD 18.8%
L-Dopa-equivalent daily dose (mg/day) 629.32 (487.37)
Change in medication dosage during social distancing
Yes 6.07%
No 93.3%
Other diseases
None 27.6%
1 29.9%
2 23.65
3 11.0%
4 or more 7.7%
Perceptions and implications of social distancing
Duration of social distancing (weeks) 7.70 (3.03)
Probability of falling
Low 11.5%
Moderate 38.9%
High 49.5%
Fear of the COVID-19 pandemic
I am not afraid 17.7%
I worry a little 35.7%
I worry a lot 46.4%
Change in routine
No changes 13.8%
A little different 44.5%
Much different 41.6%
Have you stopped other treatments for Parkinson's disease due to social distancing?
Yes 62.1%
No 37.8%
If your response to the question above is “yes,” then what?
Voice therapy 60.3%
Psychologist 26.1%
Acupuncture 10.8%
Nursing guidance 1.1%
Occupational therapy 13.5%
Painting classes 5.9%
Other 35.3%
Have you been practicing physical activities since the beginning of social distancing?
Yes 70.6%
No 29.7%
If your response to the question above is “yes,” then how?
Self-guided 54.9%
Guided by a family member 10.7%
Distance-guided supervision from a professional 31.2%
Self-guided apps or TV shows 1.2%
Self-guided Internet (e.g., videos) 1.2%
Perception of decreased physical activity volume
No changes 13.5%
Sometimes 0.9%
Almost always 14.4%
Always 62.7%

FPSD, favorable perceptions of social distancing; UPSD, unfavorable perceptions of social distancing; MDS-UPDRS-IB, Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part IB; MDS-UPDRS-II, Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II; PDQ-8, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.