Table 2.
Reliability and validity analysis.
| Variables | M | SD | Cronbach's α | CR | AVE | FL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| threshold | – | – | >0.7 | >0.7 | >0.5 | >0.5 |
| USC | 3.052 | 0.975 | 0.947 | 0.947 | 0.782 | 0.884 |
| DSC | 2.670 | 1.025 | 0.947 | 0.947 | 0.818 | 0.904 |
| PTA | 2.809 | 1.130 | 0.961 | 0.962 | 0.858 | 0.926 |
| CT | 2.605 | 0.948 | 0.960 | 0.960 | 0.826 | 0.908 |
| ST | 2.909 | 1.007 | 0.937 | 0.937 | 0.747 | 0.864 |
| DT | 3.229 | 1.042 | 0.966 | 0.967 | 0.852 | 0.923 |
USC, upward social comparison; DSC, downward social comparison; PTA, parental tutoring anxiety; CT, confirmation type; ST, structured type; DT, discovery type.