Table 5.
Path analysis.
| Hypothesis | Path | Standardized coefficient | S.E. | p-value | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | USC → PTA | 0.834 | 0.043 | *** | Supported |
| H2 | DSC → PTA | −0.157 | 0.030 | *** | Supported |
| H3 | PTA → CT | 0.830 | 0.031 | *** | Supported |
| H4 | PTA → ST | 0.782 | 0.036 | *** | Supported |
| H5 | PTA → DT | −0.440 | 0.040 | *** | Supported |
***
p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05.
USC, upward social comparison; DSC, downward social comparison; PTA, parental tutoring anxiety; CT, confirmation type; ST, structured type; DT, discovery type; *, significant level.