Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Overall (N = 50) | LAD-CFVR decrease (N = 33) | LAD-CFVR increase (N = 17) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 ± 8 | 69 ± 8 | 69 ± 8 | 0.942 |
| Male | 44 (88.0) | 29 (87.9) | 15 (88.2) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension | 37 (74.0) | 26 (78.8) | 11 (64.7) | 0.322 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (40.0) | 13 (39.4) | 7 (41.2) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia | 24 (48.0) | 17 (51.5) | 7 (41.2) | 0.559 |
| NT pro-BNP, pg/ml | 178 (92–707) | 160 (72–399) | 291 (127–1467) | 0.067 |
| Lesion diameter stenosis, % | 66.3 ± 14.3 | 66.2 ± 13.5 | 63.5 ± 16.0 | 0.546 |
| Lesion diameter stenosis after PCI, % | 15.1 (11.2–22.0) | 15.3 (11.5–20.3) | 14.4 (10.5–22.4) | 0.700 |
| LAD diameter stenosis, % | 33.7 ± 13.4 | 30.7 ± 11.9 | 39.4 ± 14.8 | 0.028 |
| AHA class type B2 or C | 13 (26.0) | 10 (30.3) | 3 (17.6) | 0.499 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 60 (54–69) | 60 (50–69) | 60 (58–69) | 0.608 |
| E/e’ | 12 (10–15) | 13 (10–16) | 12 (10–12) | 0.305 |
| Pre-PCI LAD-CFVR | 2.41 (1.84–2.99) | 2.73 (2.28–3.10) | 1.82 (1.61–2.25) | <0.001 |
| Pre-PCI LAD-basal DPV, cm/sec | 26 (20–34) | 26 (20–36) | 27 (24–33) | 0.845 |
| Pre-PCI LAD-hyperemic DPV, cm/sec | 64 (50–74) | 66 (58–76) | 50 (47–62) | 0.002 |
| Post-PCI LAD-CFVR | 2.03 (1.67–2.45) | 1.96 (1.63–2.31) | 2.28 (1.78–2.57) | 0.239 |
| Post-PCI LAD-basal DPV, cm/sec | 27 (21–33) | 30 (25–38) | 25 (19–28) | 0.012 |
| Post-PCI LAD-hyperemic DPV, cm/sec | 57 (47–70) | 62 (51–71) | 49 (45–57) | 0.043 |
| Subtended target lesion cardiac mass, mm3 | 38.4 ± 14.5 | 39.6 ± 16.1 | 36.0 ± 10.6 | 0.454 |
| PCI target vessel total mass, mm3 | 41.6 ± 15.4 | 43.0 ± 17.7 | 39.2 ± 10.3 | 0.470 |
| LAD total vessel mass, mm3 | 66.4 ± 21.5 | 68.1 ± 18.6 | 63.2 ± 26.3 | 0.499 |
| LAD QFR | 0.88 (0.78–0.94) | 0.90 (0.84–0.94) | 0.83 (0.70–0.91) | 0.023 |
| Pre-PCI target lesion FFR | 0.67 (0.53–0.76) | 0.71 (0.52–0.78) | 0.64 (0.53–0.71) | 0.247 |
| Post-PCI target lesion FFR | 0.92 (0.87–0.95) | 0.90 (0.84–0.94) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 0.094 |
| Pre-PCI target lesion QFR | 0.66 (0.56–0.72) | 0.65 (0.54–0.73) | 0.66 (0.58–0.70) | 0.712 |
| Post-PCI target lesion QFR | 0.92 (0.82–0.95) | 0.91 (0.79–0.96) | 0.93 (0.83–0.95) | 0.623 |
| Delta target lesion QFR | 0.23 (0.17–0.37) | 0.22 (0.15–0.38) | 0.26 (0.22–0.34) | 0.162 |
| Pre-PCI basal systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 (115–145) | 127 (115–142) | 133 (121–149) | 0.712 |
| Pre-PCI basal heart rate, /min | 63 (57–69) | 63 (56–69) | 65 (58–69) | 0.259 |
| Pre-PCI hyperemic systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 106 (95–123) | 105 (93–121) | 110 (104–133) | 0.265 |
| Pre-PCI hyperemic heart rate, /min | 72 (66–79) | 71 (66–79) | 74 (68–77) | 0.661 |
| Post-PCI basal systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126 (114–137) | 126 (115–137) | 121 (107–146) | 0.958 |
| Post-PCI basal heart rate, /min | 67 (59–72) | 67 (61–70) | 65 (59–74) | 0.854 |
| Post-PCI hyperemic systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 109 (95–121) | 104 (91–114) | 119 (106–129) | 0.080 |
| Post-PCI hyperemic heart rate, /min | 75 (69–82) | 77 (68–82) | 74 (69–80) | 0.964 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (Q1-Q3).
LAD = left anterior descending artery, AHA = American heart association, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention, CFVR = coronary flow velocity reserve, DPV = diastolic peak velocity, QFR = quantitative flow ratio, FFR = fractional flow reserve.