(A) Performance of OsMADS23-overexpressing plants (OE13 and OE14) or osmads23-1 mutant (M1) in half-strength medium supplemented with 2 μM MV for 7 days. Two-day-old seedlings were grown in medium with or without MV. Scale bars, 2 cm. (B) and (C) Shoot length of OsMADS23-overexpressing plants and osmads23-1 mutant in the medium with or without MV for 7 days, respectively. Error bars indicate SD with biological triplicates (n = 3, each replicate containing 20 plants). (D) The detached leaves from 60-day-old plants were exposed to 5 μM MV for 3 days to indicate the oxidative tolerance. Scale bars, 1.5 cm. (E) The chlorophyll content of 3-day-old plants growing in the medium with or without MV for 7 days, respectively. Error bars indicate SD with biological triplicates (n = 3, each replicate containing 3 plants). MV, methyl viologen. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 or ***p < 0.001 (Student’s t test). All data are means ± SD. Three independent experiments were performed.