(A) Yeast two-hybrid assays of OsMADS23 and SAPK9. SD, synthetic dropout medium. DDO, SD/-Leu-Trp. QDO, SD/-Ade-His-Leu-Trp. (B) OsMADS23 interacts with SAPK9 in the in vitro pull-down assay. GST-tagged OsMADS23 (GST-OsMADS23) was used as a bait, and pull-down of His-SAPK9 was detected by anti-His antibody (Proteintech). (C) The interaction of OsMADS23 and SAPK9 by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in rice protoplasts. YFP, Yellow fluorescent protein. Scale bars, 5 μm. (D) OsMADS23-SAPK9 interaction detected by coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay. Total proteins from Nicotiana
benthamiana leaves coexpressing OsMADS23-GFP with SAPK9-3×FLAG or 3×FLAG were used. Proteins before (input) and after IP were detected by the anti-GFP and anti-FLAG antibodies (Proteintech), respectively. Three independent experiments were performed.