Table 6.
Summarized biological assays of active compounds.
| No. | Compound | Effective concentration/dose | Biological activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | α-Asarone (67) | IC50 = 46.38 ± 2.69 μM | In vitro AChE inhibitory potential | Mukherjee et al., 2007b |
| 2 | β-Asarone (40) | IC50 = 3.33 ± 0.02 μM | In vitro AChE inhibitory potential | Mukherjee et al., 2007b |
| 3 | Bisdemethoxycurcumin (68) | IC50 = 16.84 μM | In vitro inhibition of AChE | Ahmed and Gilani, 2009 |
| 4 | (+)-Catechin (69) | 1–10 μM | Attenuation of hippocampal cell death | Bastianetto et al., 2000 |
| 5 | Crocetin (70) | IC50 = 96.33 ± 0.11 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Geromichalos et al., 2012 |
| 6 | Curcumin (11) | IC50 = 67.69 μM | In vitro inhibition of AChE | Ahmed and Gilani, 2009 |
| 7 | Curcumin (11) | IC50 = 0.81–1 μM | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation or its disaggregation promotion | Yang et al., 2005 |
| 8 | Curcuminoids (25) | IC50 = 19.67 μM | In vitro inhibition of AChE | Ahmed and Gilani, 2009 |
| 9 | Demethoxycurcumin (71) | IC50 = 33.14 μM | In vitro inhibition of AChE | Ahmed and Gilani, 2009 |
| 10 | Dimethylcrocetin (72) | IC50 = 107.1 ± 1.9 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Geromichalos et al., 2012 |
| 11 | Ellagic acid (73) | IC50 = 45.63 μM | Inhibition of AChE | G and De, 2011 |
| 12 | Epigalactocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, 12) | Daily oral dose of 9 mg/kg of EGCG given for 12 months | Improvement of visual recognition memory | de la Torre et al., 2016 |
| 13 | Galanthamine (74) | IC50 = 1.995 μM | Inhibition of AChE (rat cortex) | Tang and Han, 1999 |
| 14 | Gallic acid (75) | IC50 = 5.85 μM | Inhibition of AChE | G and De, 2011 |
| 15 | Ginsenoside Rg5 (76) | IC50 = 18.4 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Kim et al., 2013 |
| 16 | Ginesnoside Rh3 (77) | IC50 = 10.2 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Kim et al., 2013 |
| 17 | Huperzine A (15) | IC50 = 0.082 μM | Inhibition of AChE (rat cortex) | Tang and Han, 1999 |
| 18 | Loganin (17) | IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.05 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Bhakta et al., 2016 |
| 19 | Physostigmine (78) | IC50 = 1.42 μM | Inhibition of AChE | G and De, 2011 |
| 20 | Protopine (79) | IC50 = 50 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Kim et al., 1999 |
| 21 | Quercetin (80) | 5–25 μM | Attenuation of hippocampal cell death | Bastianetto et al., 2000 |
| 22 | Resveratrol (63) | 5–25 μM | Attenuation of hippocampal cell death | Bastianetto et al., 2000 |
| 23 | Safranal (81) | IC50 = 21.09 ± 0.17 μM | Inhibition of AChE | Geromichalos et al., 2012 |