Table 8.
Multiple logistic regression for the association of selected study variables with the burden of COVID-19 among the case group.
| Mild COVID-19 burden | Moderate COVID-19 burden | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value |
| Governorate of residence a | ||||
| Other | 0.512 (0.159–1.654) | 0.263 | 0.574 (0.182–1.814) | 0.345 |
| Bekaa# | - | - | - | - |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 0.556 (0.167–1.847) | 0.338 | 2.87 (0.818–10.078) | 0.1 |
| Male# | - | - | - | - |
| Age group in years | ||||
| 21–49 | 2.545 (0.552–11.746) | 0.231 | 6.455 (1.154–36.107) | 0.034 |
| 50–64# | - | - | - | - |
| Educational level | ||||
| Pre-university levelb | 1.294 (0.253–6.622) | 0.757 | 0.831 (0.159–4.331) | 0.826 |
| University and/or higher education# | - | - | - | - |
| Employment status | ||||
| Not workingc | 0.426 (0.127–1.424) | 0.166 | 0.722 (0.226–2.306) | 0.583 |
| Working# | - | - | - | - |
| Marital status | ||||
| Singled | 1.583 (0.494–5.079) | 0.44 | 1.114 (0.355–3.494) | 0.853 |
| Married# | - | - | - | - |
| Pre-existing health conditions | ||||
| Absence of diseases | 6.171 (1.777–21.429) | 0.004 | 11.52 (3.202–41.448) | <0.0001 |
| Presence of diseases# | - | - | - | - |
| Absence of diabetes | 1.513 (0.146–15.728) | 0.729 | 5.615 (0.33–95.528) | 0.233 |
| Absence of hypertension | 3.109 (0.647–14.947) | 0.157 | 4.773 (0.939–24.27) | 0.06 |
| Absence of dyslipidemia | 3.278 (0.493–21.779) | 0.219 | 3.944 (0.595–26.133) | 0.155 |
| Absence of cardiovascular diseases | 10.167 (0.852–121.278) | 0.067 | N/A | N/A |
| Absence of kidney diseases | 4.692 (0.275–79.971) | 0.285 | N/A | N/A |
| Abence of respiratory diseases | 8.182 (1.222–54.767) | 0.03 | 19.909 (1.898–208.816) | 0.013 |
| Absence of other diseases | 3.109 (0.647–14.947) | 0.157 | 4.773 (0.939–24.27) | 0.06 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes, I smoke | 6.5 (0.957–44.137) | 0.055 | 2.1 (0.358–12.312) | 0.411 |
| No, I never smoked | 3 (0.556–16.186) | 0.201 | 1.612 (0.362–7.189) | 0.531 |
| I used to smoke and I stopped# | - | - | - | - |
| Physical activity level | ||||
| Meets the guideline | 1.915 (0.384–9.540) | 0.428 | 1.048 (0.206–5.337) | 0.955 |
| Does not meet the guideline # | - | - | - | - |
Multiple logistic regression in reference to the high COVID-19 burden category.
a
Other included South Lebanon, Beirut, Akkar, Mount Lebanon, Nabatieh, North Lebanon and Baalbek – Hermel.
b
Pre-university level included elementary, middle or high school.
c
Not working included student, not working or retired.
d
Single included single, divorced or widowed.
N/A, not applicable.
#
Reference category.
Bold values indicate a significant P-value.