Table 4.
Multilevel models predicting vaccine hesitancy with interaction between state partisanship and demographic variables.
| Overall |
Confidence |
Circumspection |
Complacency |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Panel A: State Partisanship X Race (Reference = White) | ||||
| State Partisanship | 1.31 *** (0.12) | 1.23 *** (0.13) | 1.25 *** (0.11) | 1.19 *** (0.18) |
| State Partisanship X Asian | −0.28 (0.17) | −0.10 (0.27) | −0.29 (0.20) | 0.27 (0.44) |
| State Partisanship X Black | −1.07 *** (0.08) | −1.10 *** (0.10) | −1.05 *** (0.08) | −1.02 *** (0.19) |
| State Partisanship X Hispanic | −0.44 *** (0.08) | −0.37 ** (0.11) | −0.66 *** (0.09) | 0.11 (0.19) |
| State Partisanship X Other/Mixed | −0.15 (0.10) | −0.14 (0.13) | −0.21 (0.11) | −0.01 (0.20) |
| Panel B: State Partisanship X Education (Reference = Less Than High School) | ||||
| State Partisanship | 1.16 *** (0.17) | 1.20 *** (0.20) | 0.74 *** (0.18) | 1.19 *** (0.34) |
| State Partisanship X High School | −0.17 (0.13) | −0.25 (0.17) | 0.13 (0.15) | −0.15 (0.32) |
| State Partisanship X Associate or Some College | −0.24 (0.13) | −0.38 * (0.16) | 0.14 (0.15) | −0.36 (0.30) |
| State Partisanship X Bachelor | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.02 (0.17) | 0.46 ** (0.15) | 0.10 (0.31) |
| State Partisanship X Graduate | 0.10 (0.14) | −0.04 (0.18) | 0.52 *** (0.16) | 0.19 (0.32) |
| Panel C: State Partisanship X Gender | ||||
| State Partisanship | 0.97 *** (0.12) | 0.86 *** (0.13) | 0.92 *** (0.11) | 0.99 *** (0.19) |
| State Partisanship X Male | 0.31 *** (0.05) | 0.35 *** (0.06) | 0.26 *** (0.05) | 0.20 * (0.10) |
Note: *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001. N = 443,680. Standard errors in parentheses. Multilevel logistic regression models with state-level random intercepts effects. Showing log-odds estimation. Each panel is a separate set of models with an interaction term between state partisanship and one sociodemographic variable (race, education, or gender) added to the base models shown in Table 2. All control variables at the individual and state levels are included in the models but omitted from the table. The main effects of the sociodemographic variables in the interaction terms are also included in the models but omitted from the table. The main effects of state partisanship show its effect in the reference group, and the interaction effects show the differences in the effects of state partisanship between the reference group and each focus group.