Table 5.
CPUMA fixed effects models using total and gender-specific opioid-overdose death rates to predict marriage rates per 1,000 women, 2008-2016
| Marriage Rate per 1,000 Women |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | 1b | 2a | 2b | 3a | 3b | 4a | 4b | 5a | 5b | 6a | 6b | |
| Opioid-overdose death rates (per 100,000 pop.) in CPUMA (year y-1) | ||||||||||||
| ODR | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.26 | ||||||||
| [0.17] | [0.17] | [0.17] | [0.17] | |||||||||
| Female ODR | 0.07 | 0.12 | −0.03 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| [0.19] | [0.19] | [0.21] | [0.21] | |||||||||
| Male ODR | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.16 | 0.20 | ||||||||
| [0.11] | [0.11] | [0.12] | [0.12] | |||||||||
| Fentanyl ODR | −0.12 | −0.03 | ||||||||||
| [0.41] | [0.42] | |||||||||||
| Non-Fentanyl ODR | 0.25 | 0.32 | ||||||||||
| [0.20] | [0.20] | |||||||||||
| Opioid prescription rates (grams per 100 pop.) (year y-2) | ||||||||||||
| Prescribed morphine rate | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
| [0.03] | [0.03] | |||||||||||
| Sociodemographic characteristics of CPUMA (year y-2) | ||||||||||||
| % with <HS | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.04 | ||||||
| [0.23] | [0.23] | [0.23] | [0.23] | [0.23] | [0.23] | |||||||
| % with HS | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | |||||||
| % unemployed | −0.19 | −0.19 | −0.19 | −0.19 | −0.19 | −0.19 | ||||||
| [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | |||||||
| % Hispanic | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.46 | ||||||
| [0.92] | [0.92] | [0.92] | [0.92] | [0.92] | [0.92] | |||||||
| % Non-Hispanic black | −1.90* | −1.83* | −1.92* | −1.92* | −1.88* | −1.87* | ||||||
| [0.93] | [0.93] | [0.93] | [0.93] | [0.94] | [0.94] | |||||||
| % foreign-born | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | ||||||
| [0.27] | [0.27] | [0.27] | [0.27] | [0.27] | [0.27] | |||||||
| Average household income | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.1 | ||||||
| [0.14] | [0.14] | [0.14] | [0.14] | [0.14] | [0.14] | |||||||
| % public assistance | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.35 | ||||||
| [0.62] | [0.62] | [0.62] | [0.62] | [0.62] | [0.62] | |||||||
| Population per square mile | 0.51** | 0.49** | 0.51** | 0.51** | 0.51** | 0.52** | ||||||
| [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | [0.16] | |||||||
| Sex ratio | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
| [0.02] | [0.02] | [0.02] | [0.02] | [0.02] | [0.02] | |||||||
| CPUMA Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| State*Year Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 | 9,630 |
|
| ||||||||||||
Notes: Marriage rates are restricted to women aged 20-34, and were calculated per 1,000 women who were never married at the beginning of the year. Marriage rates are only available for years 2008-2016. Opioid-overdose death rates were calculated using data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS 2018). Marriage data and local controls were obtained from the 1-year samples of the American Community Survey (Ruggles et al. 2018). Analyses were conducted at the CPUMA-level. Standard errors clustered by county.
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001.
Standard errors in brackets.