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. 2021 Jul 30;9:697578. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697578

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Copyright © 2021 Ryu, Cohen and Sonntag.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of LOAD-associated metabolic profiles and a personalized medicine approach to predict and prevent altered aging and dementia. Aging is characterized by alterations and reductions of energy metabolism along with the effects of multiple other factors associated with genetic predisposition, lifestyle, environment, among others, and there are numerous risk and disease-specific factors and events. The concomitant interaction of these factors determines the aging process, i.e., normal aging without the development of major dementia, or aberrant aging that may lead to dementia, including LOAD. It is still unclear when the aging process becomes pathological and triggers disease development, but it may start occurring early in life. A personalized medicine approach using the iPSC platform in combination with genetic analysis could be applied early in life, e.g., shortly after birth, to determine individual metabolic profiles and risk factors of disease. These profiles detect and identify aberrant metabolic and other processes and factors that deviate from baseline and can be used to project one’s individual aging process and risk for neurodegenerative disease, and dementia development leading to preventive or therapeutic measures, such as lifestyle recommendations or testing personalized therapeutic interventions in the cell platform. The platform can also be combined with other diagnostic or therapeutic tools to monitor or interfere in aging or disease manifestation. ESC, embryonic stem cell.