Table 2.
Echocardiographic characteristics.
| Total (n = 300) | Without CV outcomes (n = 277) | With CV outcomes (n = 23) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline echocardiogram | ||||
| LVEDD, mm | 50.3, 4.7 | 50.2, 4.6 | 51.4, 5.5 | 0.250 |
| LVESD, mm | 32.3, 4.3 | 32.2, 4.2 | 33.7, 5.4 | 0.120 |
| LVEF. % | 67.8, 6.8 | 67.9, 6.7 | 66.0, 7.5 | 0.191 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 104.4, 22.5 | 103.8, 22.3 | 112.1, 25.0 | 0.130 |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 35.8, 12.6 | 35.4, 12.5 | 40.4, 14.0 | 0.068 |
| e' velocity, cm/s | 6.1, 2.4 | 6.2, 2.5 | 4.7, 1.5 | 0.012 |
| S' velocity, cm/s | 6.7, 1.6 | 6.8, 1.6 | 5.8, 1.4 | 0.007 |
| E/e' | 13.7, 6.3 | 13.3, 5.9 | 19.4, 8.7 | 0.007 |
| |LV-GLS|, % | 21.0, 5.3 | 21.2, 5.3 | 18.5, 4.7 | 0.016 |
| |LV-GCS|, % | 29.1, 7.0 | 29.2, 7.0 | 27.6, 6.8 | 0.292 |
| Post-PM echocardiogram | ||||
| Time after PM implantation, years | 2.2, 1.2 | 2.2, 1.2 | 2.4, 1.4 | 0.730 |
| LVEDD, mm | 49.6, 5.1 | 49.4, 5.0 | 51.7, 6.2 | 0.035 |
| LVESD, mm | 33.4, 5.7 | 33.1, 5.5 | 36.4, 7.5 | 0.047 |
| LVEF. % | 62.2, 10.3 | 62.7, 9.7 | 55.1, 14.1 | 0.018 |
| PMIC, n (%) | 32 (10.7) | 22 (7.9) | 10 (43.5) | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 101.4, 25.3 | 100.0, 24.6 | 120.0, 27.7 | <0.001 |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 34.8, 13.4 | 34.0, 12.9 | 44.8, 15.3 | <0.001 |
| e' velocity, cm/s | 5.3, 1.9 | 5.3, 1.9 | 5.0, 1.3 | 0.476 |
| S' velocity, cm/s | 5.9, 1.4 | 5.9, 1.4 | 4.9, 0.9 | <0.001 |
| E/e' | 13.4, 5.9 | 13.0, 5.5 | 19.1, 8.4 | 0.007 |
| Significant TR (≥grade 2) | 18 (6.0) | 17 (6.1) | 1 (4.3) | 0.728 |
| |LV-GLS|, % | 16.6, 5.3 | 17.0, 5.0 | 11.2, 5.5 | <0.001 |
| |LV-GCS|, % | 24.5, 7.1 | 24.9, 6.9 | 19.1, 7.7 | <0.001 |
CV, cardiovascular; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; LA, left atrium; e', early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity; S', systolic mitral annular tissue velocity; E/e', ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity; |LV-GLS|, absolute value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain; |LV-GCS|, absolute value of left ventricular global circumferential strain; PM, pacemaker; PMIC, pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.