Table 1.

An overview of major vaccine information [[3], [4], [5],7,[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]].

Vaccine	Type	Doses; days between doses	Price per dose USD	Published efficacy	Effectiveness vs variants	Additional information
Pfizer-BioNTech	mRNA	2; 21 days	$19.50	95% [4]	Effective against Alpha, and Beta variants in real world; neutralizing antibodies identified for Delta, and Lambda variants [18]	-Must be stored between −80 °C and −60 °C which limits its use to well-funded areas
Moderna	mRNA	2; 28 days	$32−37	95% [3]	Neutralizing antibodies identified against Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Eta, and Kappa variants [16]	-Must be stored between −25 °C and −15 °C -$15/dose for the US, $18/dose EU. Vaccine to be sold for $32−37/dose elsewhere
AstraZeneca-University of Oxford	Adenovirus-based	2; 28−84 days	$2.15–$5.25	70% [5]	Neutralizing antibodies identified against Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Kappa variants [5]	-Can be stored, transported, and handled at normal refrigerated conditions, and administered within existing healthcare settings. -Will provide vaccines at cost “in perpetuity” to low- and middle-income countries in the developing world. -Member of COVAX, a global initiative aiming to distribute 2 billion vaccine doses to 92 low- and middle-income countries at no more than $3 a dose. Neither Pfizer nor Moderna has joined the initiative.
Johnson & Johnson	Adenovirus-based	1	$10	64−72% [7]	Neutralizing antibodies identified against Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Epsilon, and Kappa variants [19]	-Costing the EU $8.50, with each dose going twice as far as the other brands
Russia’s Sputnik V Vaccine	Adenovirus-based	2; 21 days	$10	91.60% [9]	Limited efficacy results published	-Used in 43 predominantly LMIC countries.
Sinovac Biotech	Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus	2; 28 days	$29.75	50.38–91.25% [10]	Limited efficacy results published	-Demonstrating dramatically varying efficacy rate, but consistent protection against severe cases
Novavax	Protein-based vaccine	2; 21 days	$16	89.70% [17]	Effective against Alpha and Beta variants [17]	-Stable from 2 °C to −8 °C and shipped in a ready-to-use liquid formulation.