Table 2.

Adherence levels per study and recommendations/outcomes recorded.

Study	Type of measure	Level of adherence	Interventions made	Study recommendations to improving adherence
Mokena et al. (2018) [18]	Self-report	68.79%	Continuous education of patients	Advocacy for strict adherence to healthy lifestyle habits to control diabetes mellitus particularly in developing countries like Zimbabwe where access to health care and quality of health care are huge problems.
Mokena et al. (2017) [26]	Self-report	N/A	N/A	Fostering family, peer, and community support, getting financial support, and improvement of service at the hospital
Haghdoost et al. (2019) [20]	Self-report	48.90%	N/A	Educating target groups and doing social interventions.
Chávez García et al. (2019) [21]	Self-report	90% for metformin cohort and 71% for insulin cohort	N/A	Training patients with diagnosis of gestational diabetes and emphasize the appropriate adherence to the treatment established.
Lupattelli et al. (2014) [29]	Self-report	37%	N/A	Adequate counselling and proper teratogenic risk communication to potentially attenuate women's negative beliefs about medication and heighten medication adherence during pregnancy.
Krishnakumar et al. (2020) [19]	Self-report	5.6+/-1.15	Continuous patient education	Continuous patient education to positively impact on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and medication adherence patterns of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.
Mukona et al. (2017) [27]	N/A	N/A	N/A	Subsidizing healthcare costs, collaboration among health care workers, and establishment of a unit dedicated to care of pregnant women with diabetes
Mukona et al. (2017) [30]	N/A	35.6%	N/A	Utilization of the framework model designed will improve adherence to antidiabetic therapy and help to reduce incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Mukona et al. (2017) [28]	Self-report	80%	N/A	Customizing health education to suit individual patient needs.
Refuerzo et al. (2015) [25]	Self-report	97%	N/A	Medication side effects and dissatisfaction were the greatest inhibitor of medication adherence.
Ruggiero et al. (1990) [23]	Self-report	71%	N/A	Social support is a particularly important variable to assess when evaluating regimen compliance in pregnant women with gestational diabetes
Sperling et al. (2018) [24]	Self-report	N/A	N/A	Factors that improve prenatal care should be encouraged as it improved perinatal and neonatal outcomes
Carter et al. (2020) [22]	Self-report	6.4+/-1.5	Group care meetings	Most patient's needs can be managed in the group setting with additional individual visits, as needed.

N/A: not available.