Table 2.
Overlap propensity score-weighted characteristics and disease severity markers (hospitalization, ICU admission/death) among MMR and Tdap vaccination status groups in all COVID-19-test-positive patients
| No prior MMR (62,099) | With prior MMR (11,483) | No prior Tdap (36,789) | With prior Tdap (36,793) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Race (%) | ||||
| Asian | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Black | 18.6 | 18.6 | 20 | 20 |
| Other | 11.5 | 11.5 | 10 | 10 |
| White | 68.4 | 68.4 | 68.9 | 68.9 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Hispanic | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
| Non-Hispanic | 88.3 | 88.3 | 88.1 | 88.1 |
| Unknown | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Male (%) | 32.2 | 32.2 | 44.4 | 44.4 |
| Age | 32.89 | 32.89 | 48.92 | 48.92 |
| BMI | 29.45 | 29.45 | 29.8 | 29.8 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Smoking (%) | ||||
| Current smoker | 5.8 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| Former smoker | 14.9 | 14.9 | 22.4 | 22.4 |
| No | 58.9 | 58.9 | 48.4 | 48.4 |
| Unknown | 20.4 | 20.4 | 21.9 | 21.9 |
| Median income | $62,213.54 | $62,213.54 | $60,771.82 | $60,771.82 |
| Exposed to COVID-19? Yes (%) | 45.9 | 45.9 | 40.2 | 40.2 |
| Family with COVID-19? Yes (%) | 12.2 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 10.9 |
| Presenting COVID symptoms | ||||
| Cough? Yes (%) | 47.7 | 47.7 | 46.7 | 46.7 |
| Fever? Yes (%) | 32.1 | 32.1 | 30.9 | 30.9 |
| Fatigue? Yes (%) | 34.8 | 34.8 | 35.8 | 35.8 |
| Sputum production? Yes (%) | 6.9 | 6.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
| Flu-like symptoms? Yes (%) | 37.2 | 37.2 | 34.7 | 34.7 |
| Diarrhea? Yes (%) | 8.1 | 8.1 | 9.6 | 9.6 |
| Loss of appetite? Yes (%) | 8.4 | 8.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 |
| Vomiting? Yes (%) | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| COPD emphysema? Yes (%) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Asthma? Yes (%) | 14.8 | 14.8 | 12 | 12 |
| Diabetes? Yes (%) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 |
| Hypertension? Yes (%) | 13.7 | 13.7 | 31.6 | 31.6 |
| Coronary artery disease? Yes (%) | 1.4 | 1.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 |
| Heart failure? Yes (%) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Cancer? Yes (%) | 3.6 | 3.6 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
| Transplant history? Yes (%) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Multiple sclerosis? Yes (%) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Connective tissue disease? Yes (%) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease? Yes (%) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Immunosuppressive disease? Yes (%) | 3.9 | 3.9 | 7.2 | 7.2 |
| Other vaccination history | ||||
| Influenza vaccine? Yes (%) | 65.4 | 65.4 | 49.8 | 49.8 |
| Pneumovax vaccine? Yes (%) | 14.7 | 14.7 | 18.1 | 18.1 |
| Laboratory values upon presentation | ||||
| Pre-testing platelets | 231.05 | 231.05 | 228.02 | 228.02 |
| Pre-testing aspartate aminotransferase | 26.11 | 26.11 | 28.03 | 28.03 |
| Pre-testing chloride | 101.02 | 101.02 | 100.89 | 100.89 |
| Pre-testing creatinine | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| Pre-testing hematocrit | 39.86 | 39.86 | 39.78 | 39.78 |
| Pre-testing potassium | 3.99 | 3.99 | 4.01 | 4.01 |
| Baseline medication use at time of COVID diagnosis | ||||
| NSAIDs? Yes (%) | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 14.3 |
| Steroids? Yes (%) | 9.3 | 9.3 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Carvedilol? Yes (%) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| ACE inhibitor? Yes (%) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker? Yes (%) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Melatonin? Yes (%) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| Hospitalization (%) | 8.5 | 5.5 | 19.0 | 15.3 |
| ICU/death (%) | 1.6 | 1.1 | 6.0 | 4.9 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.