Table 2.
Comparison between physician presence and patient characteristics
| Patient characteristics | Physician presence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 602) | Yes (n = 239) | P | |
| Median age (y), median (IQR) | 5.44 (1.18–13.13) | 3.07 (0.59–12.07) | 0.030 |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Respiratory | 164 (27.2) | 88 (36.8) | |
| Neurologic | 183 (30.4) | 41 (17.2) | |
| Cardiovascular | 48 (8.0) | 51 (21.3) | |
| Sepsis | 43 (7.1) | 18 (7.5) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 36 (6.0) | 13 (5.4) | |
| Trauma | 36 (6.0) | 10 (4.2) | |
| Metabolic | 38 (6.3) | 6 (2.5) | |
| Other | 20 (3.3) | 7 (2.9) | |
| Hematology/oncology | 17 (2.8) | 4 (1.7) | |
| Renal | 17 (2.8) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Median PIM-2, median (IQR) | − 4.63 (− 4.86 to − 4.28) | − 3.41 (− 4.61 to − 2.74) | < 0.001 |
| Median PRISM-3, median (IQR) | 0.00 (0.00–4.00) | 5.00 (0.00–10.00) | < 0.001 |
| Median PRISM-3 POD, median (IQR) | 0.49 (0.30–0.90) | 1.05 (0.51–3.91) | < 0.001 |
| Inotrope/vasopressor drip on admission, n (%) | 64 (10.6) | 95 (39.7) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilated on admission, n (%) | 45 (7.5) | 129 (54.0) | < 0.001 |
| Transport characteristics | |||
| Helicopter (vs. ground), n (%) | 271 (45.0) | 157 (65.7) | < 0.001 |
| Emergent transport (vs. urgent), n (%) | 178 (29.6) | 130 (54.4) | < 0.001 |
| Physician present, n (%) | 0 (0) | 239 (100) | – |
| Median mobilization time (h), median (IQR) | 1.23 (0.80–1.88) | 1.47 (1.08–2.28) | < 0.001 |
| Median stabilization time (h), median (IQR) | 0.58 (0.42–0.80) | 1.00 (0.75–1.42) | < 0.001 |
| Median return time (h), median (IQR) | 0.53 (0.33–0.83) | 0.63 (0.40–1.00) | 0.023 |
| Median stabilization + return time (h), median (IQR) | 1.17 (0.92–1.57) | 1.73 (1.30–2.27) | < 0.001 |
| Median response time (h), median (IQR) | 1.92 (1.26–2.78) | 2.18 (1.58−3.25) | 0.020 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Mortality (within 48 h of hospital admission), n (%) | 4 (0.7) | 9 (3.8) | 0.001 |
| Mortality (during hospital admission), n (%) | 20 (3.3) | 34 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Median hospital LOS (d), median (IQR) | 4.25 (1.75–9.64) | 9.57 (3.42−22.10) | < 0.001 |
| Median ICU LOS (d), median (IQR) | 2.00 (1.13–4.76) | 6.76 (2.40–17.29) | < 0.001 |
Due to some missing time interval data, time intervals are not additive. PIM-2 pediatric index of mortality-2, PRISM-3 pediatric risk of mortality-3, POD probability of death, LOS length of stay, ICU intensive care unit, IQR 25–75th interquartile range. “–” none