Table 4.
Multivariate analyses of the association between transport variables and outcomes
| Outcomes | Mortality during admission | Hospital LOS (d) | ICU LOS (d) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | Effect (95% CI) | P | Effect (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (y) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) | 0.269 | − 0.09 (− 0.31 to 0.13) | 0.427 | − 0.14 (− 0.29 to 0.01) | 0.063 |
| Diagnosis | 0.185 | 0.001 | 0.004 | |||
| Respiratory | 1.05 (0.13 to 8.41) | 0.967 | 6.36 (0.27 to 12.45) | 0.041 | 4.58 (0.46 to 8.69) | 0.029 |
| Neurologic | 0.19 (0.02 to 2.27) | 0.190 | 3.39 (− 2.55 to 9.34) | 0.263 | 1.01 (− 3.01 to 5.02) | 0.623 |
| Cardiovascular | 1.42 (0.17 to 11.50) | 0.744 | 10.00 (3.19 to 16.81) | 0.004 | 7.70 (3.10 to 12.30) | 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 2.04 (0.24 to 17.33) | 0.513 | 11.86 (4.53 to 19.18) | 0.002 | 5.14 (0.20 to 10.08) | 0.041 |
| Gastrointestinal | 0.64 (0.06 to 6.79) | 0.713 | 9.06 (1.53 to 16.60) | 0.018 | 3.20 (− 1.89 to 8.28) | 0.217 |
| Metabolic | 0.61 (0.03 to 10.84) | 0.733 | 6.63 (− 1.42 to 14.68) | 0.106 | 2.50 (− 2.93 to 7.94) | 0.366 |
| Other | 1.09 (0.04 to 28.87) | 0.959 | 3.44 (− 6.19 to 13.07) | 0.483 | 1.31 (− 5.19 to 7.81) | 0.693 |
| Hematology/oncology | 4.70 (0.46 to 48.42) | 0.193 | 18.20 (8.49 to 27.92) | < 0.001 | 4.46 (− 2.09 to 11.02) | 0.182 |
| Renal | 0.00 (0.00 to 999) | 0.998 | 12.30 (2.22 to 22.38) | 0.017 | 5.54 (− 1.26 to 12.35) | 0.110 |
| PIM-2 | 2.00 (1.40 to 2.86) | < 0.001 | 0.33 (− 1.05 to 1.71) | 0.635 | 0.13 (− 0.80 to 1.06) | 0.784 |
| PRISM-3 | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 0.002 | − 0.17 (− 0.46 to 0.11) | 0.224 | − 0.09 (− 0.28 to 0.10) | 0.376 |
| Inotrope or vasopressor on admission | 1.04 (0.36 to 3.02) | 0.936 | 7.17 (2.91 to 11.44) | 0.001 | 5.70 (2.81 to 8.58) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilated on admission | 0.96 (0.32 to 2.91) | 0.946 | 4.29 (− 0.06 to 8.64) | 0.053 | 4.49 (1.55 to 7.42) | 0.003 |
| Emergent transport | 1.19 (0.50 to 2.85) | 0.697 | 0.80 (− 2.02 to 3.62) | 0.577 | 0.81 (− 1.10 to 2.71) | 0.407 |
| Helicopter transport | 1.67 (0.71 to 3.90) | 0.236 | 3.24 (0.59 to 5.90) | 0.017 | 1.68 (− 0.11 to 3.47) | 0.066 |
| Physician presence | 0.86 (0.31 to 2.38) | 0.777 | 3.17 (− 0.39 to 6.73) | 0.081 | 1.68 (− 0.72 to 4.08) | 0.171 |
| Response time | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) | 0.618 | 0.15 (− 0.27 to 0.57) | 0.486 | − 0.02 (− 0.31 to 0.26) | 0.880 |
| Stabilization time | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27) | 0.889 | 0.62 (− 0.76 to 2.00) | 0.376 | 0.49 (− 0.44 to 1.43) | 0.300 |
| Return time | 0.93 (0.57 to 1.51) | 0.770 | 1.13 (− 0.15 to 2.42) | 0.083 | 0.58 (− 0.29 to 1.44) | 0.191 |
Due to some missing time interval data, time intervals are not additive. P values with bold letters indicating significance. PIM-2 pediatric index of mortality-2, PRISM-3 pediatric risk of mortality-3, LOS length of stay, ICU intensive care unit, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval