Table 3:
Secondary and Safety Outcomes for ACE inhibitors vs ARBs (on-treatment, PS stratification)
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P-value | Calibrated HR (95% CI) |
Calibrated P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal pain | 1.00 (0.96-1.03) | 0.87 | 1.01 (0.88-1.19) | 0.87 |
| Abnormal weight gain | 0.82 (0.79-0.86) | 0.00 | 0.84 (0.74-0.98) | 0.04 |
| Abnormal weight loss | 1.18 (1.11-1.25) | 0.00 | 1.18 (1.01-1.41) | 0.04 |
| Acute pancreatitis | 1.32 (1.09-1.60) | 0.00 | 1.32 (1.04-1.70) | 0.02 |
| Acute renal failure | 1.13 (1.08-1.18) | 0.00 | 1.14 (0.98-1.35) | 0.10 |
| Anaphylactoid reaction | 1.31 (1.00-1.72) | 0.05 | 1.31 (0.98-1.79) | 0.07 |
| Anemia | 0.96 (0.92-0.99) | 0.02 | 0.97 (0.84-1.14) | 0.76 |
| Angioedema | 3.53 (2.99-4.16) | 0.00 | 3.31 (2.55-4.51) | 0.00 |
| Anxiety | 0.98 (0.95-1.00) | 0.03 | 0.99 (0.86-1.16) | 0.91 |
| Bradycardia | 0.96 (0.86-1.08) | 0.52 | 0.98 (0.82-1.18) | 0.84 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 0.96 (0.91-1.02) | 0.22 | 0.98 (0.84-1.15) | 0.82 |
| Chest pain or angina | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.23 | 1.00 (0.87-1.17) | 0.92 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.00 (0.93-1.08) | 0.98 | 1.01 (0.87-1.20) | 0.84 |
| Cough | 1.32 (1.23-1.42) | 0.00 | 1.32 (1.11-1.59) | 0.00 |
| Decreased libido | 0.96 (0.90-1.03) | 0.29 | 0.98 (0.84-1.16) | 0.83 |
| Dementia | 1.12 (1.06-1.18) | 0.00 | 1.13 (0.97-1.34) | 0.14 |
| Depression | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 0.20 | 1.03 (0.90-1.21) | 0.65 |
| Diarrhea | 1.06 (1.02-1.09) | 0.00 | 1.07 (0.92-1.25) | 0.40 |
| End stage renal disease | 0.87 (0.62-1.20) | 0.39 | 0.88 (0.63-1.25) | 0.50 |
| Fall | 1.03 (0.96-1.10) | 0.46 | 1.04 (0.89-1.23) | 0.64 |
| Gastrointestinal bleed | 1.18 (1.11-1.25) | 0.00 | 1.18 (1.01-1.41) | 0.04 |
| Gout | 1.00 (0.97-1.04) | 0.83 | 1.02 (0.88-1.19) | 0.81 |
| Headache | 0.97 (0.94-1.00) | 0.04 | 0.98 (0.86-1.15) | 0.87 |
| Hepatic failure | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | 0.74 | 1.03 (0.86-1.27) | 0.71 |
| Hospitalization with preinfarction syndrome | 1.02 (0.90-1.15) | 0.77 | 1.03 (0.86-1.25) | 0.74 |
| Hyperkalemia | 1.17 (1.04-1.30) | 0.01 | 1.17 (0.98-1.42) | 0.09 |
| Hypokalemia | 0.95 (0.89-1.03) | 0.21 | 0.97 (0.83-1.15) | 0.74 |
| Hypomagnesemia | 0.96 (0.89-1.04) | 0.36 | 0.98 (0.84-1.16) | 0.83 |
| Hyponatremia | 1.12 (1.06-1.19) | 0.00 | 1.13 (0.97-1.34) | 0.13 |
| Hypotension | 1.13 (1.09-1.17) | 0.00 | 1.14 (0.98-1.35) | 0.10 |
| Impotence | 1.06 (1.01-1.12) | 0.02 | 1.07 (0.92-1.27) | 0.37 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 0.97 (0.89-1.05) | 0.39 | 0.98 (0.84-1.16) | 0.85 |
| Measured renal dysfunction | 0.87 (0.66-1.14) | 0.31 | 0.88 (0.66-1.20) | 0.44 |
| Nausea | 1.10 (1.06-1.13) | 0.00 | 1.11 (0.95-1.30) | 0.20 |
| Neutropenia or agranulocytosis | 0.96 (0.89-1.02) | 0.18 | 0.97 (0.84-1.15) | 0.76 |
| Rash | 0.96 (0.93-1.00) | 0.04 | 0.98 (0.85-1.15) | 0.82 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 1.10 (0.91-1.34) | 0.32 | 1.11 (0.88-1.43) | 0.37 |
| Syncope | 1.02 (0.96-1.07) | 0.56 | 1.03 (0.89-1.21) | 0.71 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | 0.69 | 1.02 (0.88-1.20) | 0.76 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 1.04 (0.99-1.08) | 0.12 | 1.05 (0.90-1.24) | 0.54 |
| Vasculitis | 1.01 (0.85-1.20) | 0.88 | 1.03 (0.83-1.29) | 0.80 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 0.97 (0.90-1.04) | 0.35 | 0.98 (0.84-1.16) | 0.84 |
| Vertigo | 0.95(0.92-0.99) | 0.01 | 0.97 (0.84-1.13) | 0.73 |
| Vomiting | 1.15 (1.11-1.19) | 0.00 | 1.15 (0.99-1.36) | 0.07 |
Calibrated hazard ratios (HRs), confidence intervals (CIs) and p-values are calibrated empirically using the distributions of positive and negative control outcomes to minimize residual systematic error (see Methods for detailed description)