. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2021 Jun 10;64(9):758–770. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23265

Table 5.

Excess lifetime risk of incident bladder cancer in workers from a chemical manufacturing plant, attributable to o-toluidine airborne exposure (ppm) from model based on cumulative rank and assuming different dependencies on employment duration, and from model based on estimated o-toluidine concentrations

	Excess lifetime risk (per 1000) applying different model estimates

o-toluidine, ppm	OT ranks with unrestricted durations^a	OT ranks with durations <5yr^a	OT ranks with duration = 0^a	OT concentration (no duration term)^a

0.2	212	601	653	217
0.1	114	407	463	118
0.05	59	242	284	61
0.02	24	108	130	25
0.01	12	56	68	13
0.005	6.2	29	35	6.4
0.002	2.5	12	14	2.6
0.001 (1 ppb)	1.2	5.8	7.1	1.3
0.0005	0.6	2.9	3. 5	0.6
0.0002	0.2	1.2	1.4	0.3
0.0001	0.1	0.6	0.7	0.1

Notes: OSHA PEL: 5 ppm; ACGIH TLV: 2 ppm

Based on OT exposure ranks with Rank 10 equivalent OT concentration = 0.36 ppm, and calculating lifetime risk with different treatments of duration ( from Table 2, Model 5).

Based on actual reported air concentrations of OT (from Table 3, Model 4).

Abbreviation: OT, o-toluidine.