Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Initial Participant Sample by Treatment Group and Usual Care Patients
| Total | Cognitive Behavioral Psychoeducation | Mindfulness of Breath | Mindfulness of Pain | Test Statistic | Statistical Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 118 | 39 | 34 | 45 | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.84 (9.86) | 64.26 (10.87) | 64.97 (10.37) | 65.25 (8.68) | F=0.10 | p=.90 |
| Women, No. (%) | 73 (61.9) | 23 (59.0) | 21 (61.8) | 29 (64.4) | χ2=1.12 | p=.89 |
| Race, No. (%) | χ2=7.98 | p=.44 | ||||
| Asian | 1 (0.8) | - | 1 (2.9) | - | ||
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.6) | - | - | ||
| White or Caucasian | 110 (93.0) | 35 (89.7) | 31 (91.2) | 44 (97.8) | ||
| Other | 4 (3.4) | 3 (7.6) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (2.2) | ||
| Hispanic Ethnicity, No. (%) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (5.1) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.2) | χ2=7.36 | p=.29 |
| Admitting Diagnosis, No. (%) | χ2=1.68 | p=.43 | ||||
| Hip Arthroplasty | 39 (33.1) | 16 (41.0) | 10 (29.4) | 13 (28.9) | ||
| Knee Arthroplasty | 79 (66.9) | 23 (59.0) | 24 (70.6) | 32 (71.1) | ||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.83 (6.69) | 30.80 (6.54) | 33.01 (7.13) | 29.18 (6.16) | F=3.27 | p=.04 |
| Tobacco Use, No. (%) | 27 (22.9) | 7 (17.9) | 9 (26.5) | 11 (24.4) | χ2=1.61 | p=.81 |
| Alcohol Use, No. (%) | 53 (44.9) | 15 (38.5) | 15 (44.1) | 23 (51.1) | χ2=3.14 | p=.54 |
| Drug Use, No. (%) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.9) | - | χ2=3.23 | p=.52 |
| Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use, No. (%) | 75 (63.6) | 25 (64.1) | 21 (61.8) | 29 (64.4) | χ2=0.18 | p=.92 |
| Prescription Opioid Use, No. (%) | 27 (22.9) | 13 (33.3) | 3 (8.8) | 11 (24.4) | χ2=6.59 | p=.04 |
| Psychotropic Medication Use, No. (%) | 42 (35.6) | 13 (33.3) | 10 (29.4) | 19 (42.2) | χ2=1.67 | p=.43 |
| Days from Preoperative Intervention to Surgery (SD) | 23.26(16.63) | 24.72 (15.05) | 25.53 (18.06) | 19.67 (15.85) | F=1.44 | p=.24 |
| Surgeon, No. (%) | χ2=9.93 | p=.27 | ||||
| Surgeon 1 | 15 (12.7) | 3 (7.7) | 5 (14.7) | 7 (15.6) | ||
| Surgeon 2 | 32 (27.1) | 12 (30.8) | 6 (17.6) | 14 (31.1) | ||
| Surgeon 3 | 35 (29.7) | 9 (23.1) | 16 (47.1) | 10 (22.2) | ||
| Surgeon 4 | 34 (28.8) | 14 (35.9) | 7 (20.6) | 13 (28.9) | ||
| Spinal Anesthesia, No. (%) | 102 (86.4) | 36 (92.3) | 28 (82.4) | 38 (84.4) | χ2=3.60 | p=.46 |
| Physical Therapy Sessions, mean (SD) | 3.02 (4.17) | 1.26 (2.00) | 5.68 (5.57) | 2.48 (3.27) | F=12.82 | p<.01 |
| Readmissions, mean (SD) | 0.10 (0.31) | 0.05 (0.23) | 0.15 (0.36) | 0.11 (0.32) | F=0.89 | p=.41 |