TABLE 5.

Linear regression results from alcohol and smoking exposure predicting Mean HR in 1F.

Exposure category	Both sites			South Africa			Northern Plains
	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val
No alcohol	1460	/	/	1027	/	/	433	/	/
Alcohol low quit early	682	−0.322 (0.375)	0.390	413	0.0197 (0.4607)	0.966	269	−0.9368 (0.6607)	0.157
Alcohol high quit early	146	1.135 (0.698)	0.104	84	2.170 (0.8989)	0.016	62	−0.346 (1.1396)	0.761
Alcohol low continuous	298	−0.217 (0.518)	0.675	284	0.0924 (0.5333)	0.863	14	−0.8672 (2.2564)	0.701
Alcohol moderate continuous	286	0.202 (0.536)	0.706	255	0.5537 (0.5722)	0.333	31	−0.8683 (1.5548)	0.577
Alcohol high continuous	135	1.431 (0.742)	0.054	129	2.0443 (0.7601)	0.007	6	−4.549 (3.4929)	0.193
No smoking	1641	/	/	950	/	/	691	/	/
Smoking quit early	96	1.909 (0.845)	0.024	53	0.9037 (1.115)	0.418	43	3.3568 (1.3482)	0.013
Smoking low continuous	766	−0.413 (0.390)	0.290	722	−0.6005 (0.4068)	0.140	44	−0.103 (1.3928)	0.941
Smoking moderate/high continuous	504	−0.682 (0.450)	0.130	467	−1.0197 (0.4743)	0.0317	37	1.0713 (1.4572)	0.4624

SE: standard error; P val: p-values; N = number of participants in the group. Bold and italicized values represent p-value ≤ 0.05.