TABLE 7.

Linear regression results from alcohol and smoking exposure predicting HR-SD in 1F.

Exposure category	Both sites			South Africa			Northern Plains
	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val
No alcohol	1460	/	/	1027	/	/	433	/	/
Alcohol low quit early	682	0.0203 (0.034)	0.550	413	0.0413 (0.0421)	0.327	269	−0.0256 (0.0585)	0.661
Alcohol high quit early	146	0.0827 (0.0632)	0.191	84	0.1158 (0.0822)	0.159	62	0.0233 (0.1008)	0.818
Alcohol low continuous	298	0.0711 (0.0469)	0.130	284	0.0903 (0.0488)	0.0641	14	0.0125 (0.1997)	0.950
Alcohol moderate continuous	286	0.0973 (0.0486)	0.045	255	0.1336 (0.0523)	0.0107	31	−0.084 (0.1376)	0.542
Alcohol high continuous	135	−0.0706 (0.0672)	0.294	129	−0.0392 (0.0695)	0.5725	6	−0.2214 (0.3091)	0.474
No smoking	1641	/	/	950	/	/	691	/	/
Smoking quit early	96	0.0022 (0.0765)	0.977	53	−0.0655 (0.102)	0.521	43	0.0865 (0.1193)	0.469
Smoking low continuous	766	0.0197 (0.0353)	0.577	722	0.0004 (0.0372)	0.991	44	0.0653 (0.1232)	0.596
Smoking moderate/high continuous	504	−0.0236 (0.0407)	0.563	467	−0.0673 (0.0434)	0.121	37	0.2735 (0.1289)	0.034

SE: standard error; P val: p-values; N = number of participants in the group. Bold and italicized values represent p-value ≤ 0.05.