TABLE 9.

Linear regression results from alcohol and smoking exposure predicting mean fetal movement in 1F.

Exposure category	Both sites			South Africa			Northern Plains
	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val	N	Effect size Mean difference (SE)	p val
No alcohol	1460	/	/	1027	/	/	433	/	/
Alcohol low quit early	682	−0.0384 (0.0524)	0.464	413	0.0116 (0.0673)	0.864	269	−0.1247 (0.0833)	0.135
Alcohol high quit early	146	0.1518 (0.0981)	0.122	84	0.135 (0.1319)	0.306	62	0.239 (0.1912)	0.212
Alcohol low continuous	298	0.0442 (0.0722)	0.541	284	0.0756 (0.0780)	0.332	14	−0.3511 (0.2723)	0.198
Alcohol moderate continuous	286	0.0230 (0.0748)	0.758	255	0.0291 (0.0836)	0.728	31	0.0899 (0.2796)	0.748
Alcohol high continuous	135	0.0847 (0.1036)	0.413	129	0.0865 (0.1113)	0.437	6	0.6305 (0.7516)	0.402
No smoking	1641	/	/	950	/	/	691	/	/
Smoking quit early	96	0.0822 (0.1175)	0.485	53	0.131 (0.1627)	0.421	43	0.003 (0.163)	0.985
Smoking low continuous	766	−0.0501 (0.0544)	0.358	722	−0.0391 (0.0594)	0.511	44	−0.0847 (0.1726)	0.624
Smoking moderate/high continuous	504	−0.1358 (0.0627)	0.031	467	−0.1085 (0.0694)	0.118	37	−0.3421 (0.1761)	0.052

SE: standard error; P val: p-values; N = number of participants in the group. Bold and italicized values represent p-value ≤ 0.05.