Table 1.

COVID-19 RPM program care model differences.

Characteristic	Low-Intensity Care Model	High-Intensity Care Model
Patient profile	• No risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness • Low symptom burden	• One or more risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness • Moderate-to-high symptom burden
Components	Care plan delivered through patient owned smart phone or tablet via the Mayo Clinic app. • Tasks assigned via notifications. Manual entry of self-reported physiologic data, questionnaires, and symptom assessments. Embedded decision trees and logic to generate alerts.	Care plan delivered through the Mayo Clinic supplied, cellular-enabled tablet. •Bluetooth-enabled medical devices passively collect physiologic data. Manual entry of self-reported questionnaires and symptom assessments.
Mayo-supplied equipment	• Commercial-grade thermometer and pulse oximeter • Optional (patient-owned): blood pressure monitor	• Cellular-enabled tablet • Clinical grade, Bluetooth-enabled blood pressure monitor, weight scale, pulse oximeter, and thermometer • Optional: peak flow meter, glucometer
Vital signs	Patient-reported (manual entry), twice per day • Temperature: >100.9°F • Heart Rate: >105 bpm • Oxygen saturation: <90% • Systolic Blood Pressure: <100 mmHg • Diastolic Blood Pressure: None • Respiratory Rate: >20 breaths per minute	Patient-reported (passively collected), twice per day; can be individualized. • Temperature: <90 °F or >100.9 °F • Heart Rate: <50 or >115 BPM • Oxygen saturation: <94% •Systolic Blood Pressure: <90 or >180 mmHg • Diastolic Blood Pressure: <50 or >110 mmHg
Care team engagement	• Welcome call: Introduction to RPM equipment/program, contact numbers, when to seek emergency care if needed • Symptom calls: In response to abnormal vital signs or new/worsening symptoms registered within the Mayo Clinic mobile app	• Welcome call: Introduction to RPM equipment/program, initial symptom assessment, contact numbers, when to seek emergency care if needed • Symptom calls: In response to abnormal vital signs or new/worsening symptoms registered on the tablet • Graduation (Day 10 or 20 from symptom onset): Symptom assessment for improvement, release from isolation and return to the community/work
Monitoring	• InBasket message (i.e., EHR-integrated message) alerts to centralized RPM RN team based on predetermined care plan logic; RN escalates to Mayo-led centralized COVID-19 care team as needed	• Prioritized alerts, based on patient-specific alert parameters, presented to centralized RPM RN team through a dedicated web-based patient management console; RN escalates to Mayo-led centralized COVID-19 team as needed
Capacity	1:50 (nurse to patient ratio)	1:30 (nurse to patient ratio)
Reimbursement	Non-billable	Billable service under code 99453, 99454, 99457, and 99458