Table 1.
Demographics of study population.
| Opioid-exposed (n = 19) | Controls (n = 20) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 6 (32 %) | 8 (40 %) | 0.74 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks), mean (SD) | 38.6 (0.8) | 38.9 (0.8) | 0.24 |
| Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 3049 (261) | 3323 (340) | 0.008 |
| Head circumference at birth (cm), mean (SD) | 34.0 (1.2) | 34.0 (1.5) | 0.97 |
| Postmenstrual age at scan (weeks), mean (SD) | 44.5 (1.3) | 45.2 (1.5) | 0.12 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.29 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 14 | 10 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4 | 7 | |
| Hispanic White | 1 | 3 | |
| Maternal smoking, n (%) | 18 (94 %) | 1 (4 %) | <0.001 |
| Any maternal alcohol use during pregnancy | 1 (5 %) | 1 (4 %) | 1.0 |
| Maternal Hepatitis C, n (%) | 12 (63 %) | 0 (0 %) | <0.001 |
| Maternal college degree, n (%) | 4 (21 %) | 16 (80 %) | <0.001 |
| Maternal methadone, n (%) | 6 (32 %) | n/a | n/a |
| Maternal buprenorphine, n (%) | 12 (63 %) | n/a | n/a |
| Maternal heroin and/or fentanyl, n (%) | 8 (42 %) | n/a | n/a |
| Other maternal illicit drug use | 5 (26 %) | n/a | n/a |
| Neonatal abstinence syndrome requiring opioid treatment, n (%) | 6 (32 %) | n/a | n/a |
Two-sided t-test was used to compare continuous variables and Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables.