. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 14.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet A. 2020 Mar 12;182(5):1117–1129. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61532

TABLE 2.

The brain volume of PHTS and NC participants

Measurement	PHTS (N = 16) mean [SD]	NC (N = 16) mean [SD]	The rate of PHTS/NC	Cohen’s d
CSF (mm³)	61,109 [23395]	36,060 [12201]	1.7	1.34
Cortical GM (mm³)^*	878,791 [207352]	601,329 [54637]	1.5	1.83
WM (mm³)^*	823,261 [198981]	466,405 [104338]	1.8	2.25
Subcortical GM (mm³)	52,896 [16090]	36,075 [4400]	1.5	1.43
Cortical GM/WM	1.08 [0.17]	1.35 [0.29]	0.8	−1.14

Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GM, gray matter; NC, neurotypical controls; PHTS, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome; SD, standard deviation; WM, white matter.

p < .0005 (two-tail unpaired t test).