. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 14.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet A. 2020 Mar 12;182(5):1117–1129. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61532

TABLE 4.

The brain segmental volumes of PHTS and NC participants

Regions	PHTS (N = 16) mean [SD] (mm³)	NC (N = 16) mean [SD] (mm³)	The rate of PHTS/NC	Cohen’s d
L frontal GM^*	224,188 [51228]	152,677 [14853]	1.5	1.90
R frontal GM^*	224,635 [51580]	153,147 [15525]	1.5	1.88
L frontal WM^*	172,724 [42535]	94,893 [22224]	1.8	2.30
R frontal WM^*	171,055 [48324]	94,766 [21551]	1.8	2.04
L temporal GM^*	146,811 [33524]	100,973 [9127]	1.5	1.87
R temporal GM^*	150,217 [33053]	102,772 [9954]	1.5	1.94
R temporal WM^*	89,378 [22844]	50,182 [11670]	1.8	2.16
L temporal WM^*	88,367 [22001]	50,262 [10941]	1.8	2.19
L parietal GM^*	119,193 [26906]	78,048 [8083]	1.5	2.07
R parietal GM^*	116,213 [22693]	77,470 [8295]	1.5	2.27
L parietal WM^*	95,691 [24341]	52,213 [10512]	1.8	2.32
R parietal WM^*	93,707 [19485]	52,000 [10434]	1.8	2.67
L occipital GM^*	59,739 [11875]	40,121 [2469]	1.5	2.29
R occipital GM^*	62,060 [16855]	40,136 [2827]	1.5	1.81
L occipital WM^*	40,882 [12110]	24,989 [5068]	1.6	1.71
R occipital WM^*	41,521 [9556]	25,469 [5922]	1.6	2.02
L thalamus^*	10,737 [1716]	7,432 [982]	1.4	2.36
R thalamus^*	10,746 [1696]	7,435 [993]	1.4	2.38
L caudate^*	7,281 [1374]	4,572 [586]	1.6	2.57
R caudate^*	6,967 [1133]	4,532 [559]	1.5	2.73
L fornix^*	912 [149]	679 [144]	1.3	1.59
R fornix^*	889 [144]	663 [142]	1.3	1.58
L globus pallidus^*	1,533 [204]	1,085 [93]	1.4	2.83
R globus pallidus^*	1,508 [214]	1,042 [97]	1.4	2.81
L putamen^*	6,312 [1089]	4,668 [493]	1.4	1.94
R putamen^*	6,491 [1218]	4,747 [493]	1.4	1.88
L subthalamic nucleus^*	76.4 [15.4]	54.1 [12.6]	1.4	1.59
R subthalamic nucleus^*	78.1 [19.3]	53.5 [10.2]	1.5	1.59
Brainstem^*	44,879 [12807]	30,191 [6386]	1.5	1.45
L cerebellum^*	93,643 [14671]	71,268 [8632]	1.3	1.86
R cerebellum^*	93,160 [14253]	71,563 [9119]	1.3	1.81
L lateral ventricle	9,252 [7632]	4,154 [2484]	2.2	0.90
R lateral ventricle	9,156 [6594]	3,912 [2102]	2.3	1.07
Third ventricle	2,263 [1395]	1,223 [749]	1.9	0.93
Fourth ventricle	2077 [792]	2,244 [1116]	0.9	−0.17
Extracerebral CSF	564,019 [141386]	392,396 [100012]	1.4	1.40

Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GM, gray matter; L, left; NC, neurotypical controls; PHTS, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome; R, right; SD, standard deviation; WM, white matter.

p < .0005 (two-tailed unpaired t test).