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. 2021 Aug 14;398(10300):608–620. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00534-1

Table 3.

Coefficients from meta-analyses

Paternal coefficients Maternal coefficients
Exposure
Education, years −0·046 (−0·051 to −0·042) −0·054 (−0·057 to −0·050)
Study-level covariates
Rural or urban:education 0·001 (−0·004 to 0·006) 0·007 (−0·003 to 0·012)
Wealth or income:education 0·023 (−0·018 to 0·030) −0·007 (−0·012 to −0·001)
Partner's education:education 0·006 (0·001 to 0·011) 0·011 (0·006 to 0·014)
Child sex:education 0·001 (−0·006 to 0·009) 0·011 (0·007 to 0·015)
Mother's age:education 0·010 (0·007 to 0·013) 0·007 (0·005 to 0·010)
Child age dummy variables
0–27 days:education 0·005 (0·003 to 0·007) 0·013 (0·011 to 0·014)
0–11 months:education 0·002 (−0·000 to 0·003) 0·003 (0·001 to 0·004)
1–11 months:education −0·003 (−0·005 to −0·001) −0·008 (−0·009 to −0·006)
1 month to 4 years:education −0·005 (−0·006 to −0·003) −0·008 (−0·010 to −0·006)
1–4 years:education −0·006 (−0·009 to −0·004) −0·015 (−0·018 to −0·012)
Between-study heterogeneity
SD per year of education 0·007 (0·006 to 0·007) 0·011 (0·010 to 0·012)

The reference child age dummy variable (not shown) is 0–4 years (under-5). Parental education was modelled as a continuous variable, and all interactive variables are operationalised as such. All variables aside from the main exposure are binary variables that interact with continuous education and capture study-level qualities alone.