Table 1.
Associations Between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Sexual Behaviors, Risk Perception, Discrimination Experiences, and Willingness to Use Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Trans Women (N=355)
| Variables | Total (N=355), n (%) | Willingness to use PrEP n (%) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=69) | Yes (n=286) | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Agea (years) | ||||
| ≤26 | 159 (52.6) | 14 (34.1) | 145 (55.6) | 0.01 |
| 27 and above | 143 (47.4) | 27 (65.9) | 116 (44.4) | |
| Incomeb (INR) | ||||
| <10,000 | 82 (23.1) | 16 (25.0) | 66 (28.0) | 0.63 |
| 10,000 and above | 218 (61.4) | 48 (75.0) | 170 (72.0) | |
| Education | ||||
| <High school | 180 (50.7) | 43 (62.3) | 137 (47.9) | 0.03 |
| High school or more | 175 (49.3) | 26 (37.7) | 149 (52.1) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Not in sex workc | 267 (75.2) | 66 (95.7) | 201 (70.3) | <0.001 |
| Sex worker | 88 (24.8) | 3 (4.3) | 85 (29.7) | |
| Identity | ||||
| Transgender (English term) | 265 (74.6) | 47 (68.1) | 218 (76.2) | 0.16 |
| Hijra, Mangalmukhi, Shiva-Shakthi | 90 (25.4) | 22 (31.9) | 68 (23.8) | |
| City | ||||
| Bengaluru | 60 (16.9) | 4 (5.8) | 56 (19.5) | <0.001 |
| Kolkata | 60 (16.9) | 28 (40.5) | 32 (11.1) | |
| New Delhi | 59 (16.2) | 2 (2.9) | 57 (19.9) | |
| Jalandhar | 59 (16.2) | 0 (0) | 59 (20.6) | |
| Hyderabad | 60 (16.9) | 0 (0) | 60 (20.9) | |
| Vadodara | 57 (16.0) | 35 (50.7) | 22 (7.6) | |
| HIV risk-related characteristics | ||||
| Number of male sex partners in the past 1 monthd | ||||
| ≤5 | 174 (49.0) | 35 (52.2) | 139 (48.9) | 0.62 |
| >5 | 177 (49.9) | 32 (47.8) | 145 (51.1) | |
| Frequency of anal sex in the past 1 month | ||||
| Once in a week or less | 182 (51.3) | 25 (36.2) | 157 (54.9) | <0.01 |
| Every day or several times a week | 173 (48.7) | 44 (63.8) | 129 (45.1) | |
| Inconsistent condom use for anal sex with any type of male partner in the past month | ||||
| No | 138 (38.9) | 17 (24.6) | 121 (42.3) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 217 (61.1) | 52 (75.4) | 165 (57.7) | |
| Last anal sex and condom useb | ||||
| No | 140 (39.4) | 34 50.7) | 106 (37.7) | 0.05 |
| Yes | 208 (58.6) | 33 (49.3) | 175 (62.3) | |
| Forced sex in the past 12 months | ||||
| No | 281 (79.2) | 63 (91.3) | 218 (76.2) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 74 (20.8) | 6 (8.7) | 68 (23.8) | |
| STIs in the past 12 months | ||||
| No | 261 (73.5) | 64 (92.8) | 197 (68.9) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 94 (26.5) | 5 (7.2) | 89 (31.1) | |
| HIV risk perception | ||||
| Low | 69 (19.4) | 58 (84.1) | 264 (92.3) | 0.03 |
| High | 286 (80.6) | 11 (15.9) | 22 (7.7) | |
| Discrimination experiences | ||||
| Discrimination by health care providers | ||||
| No | 180 (50.7) | 16 (23.2) | 164 (57.3) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 175 (49.3) | 53 (76.8) | 122 (42.7) | |
| Discrimination by family members | ||||
| No | 138 (38.9) | 10 (14.4) | 128 (44.8) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 217 (61.1) | 59 (85.6) | 158 (55.2) | |
a
Data on age for 53 participants were missing in the filled-in questionnaires.
b
Numbers may not add to total owing to “not applicable” values.
c
Numbers may not add to total owing to “system missing.”
d
12.9% were unemployed, 31.5% engaged in mangti (begging) or badhai (offering blessings for money), and 7.9% as bar dancer, 6.2% as private company staff, and 5.4% as self-employed.
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis; STI, sexually transmitted infection.