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. 2021 Apr 19;33(7):2116–2130. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koab109

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Two mechanisms to prevent MAMP perception (Level 3). A, Example of Strategy 8: the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae prevents the accumulation of immunogenic flagellin fragments by secreting the metalloprotease AprA, which can cleave both the flagellin monomer and the flg22 elicitor peptide. B, Example of Strategy 9: The fungal tomato pathogen C. fulvum prevents the accumulation of immunogenic chitin fragments by secreting Extracellular cysteine-rich protein-6 (Ecp6), which sequesters chitin fragments.