Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of Veterans in the MVP with non-resistant hypertension and those who developed apparent treatment-resistant hypertension during follow-up from 2004 to 2015
| Baseline characteristics | Non-Resistant HTN n = 122,164 | Apparent Treatment-Resistant HTN n = 17, 521 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (IQR), years | 60 (54–67) | 59 (55–66) |
| Women, % | 5.1 | 3.9 |
| Hispanic, % | 4.4 | 4.8 |
| Race, % | ||
| Non-Hispanic Whites | 75.0 | 70.3 |
| Non-Hispanic Blacks | 21.9 | 26.6 |
| Others† | 3.1 | 3.08 |
| Body Mass Index (IQR), kg/m2 | 30.2 (27.0–34.1) | 31.0 (27.7–35.0) |
| Systolic BP (IQR), mm Hg | 136 (125–147) | 140 (130–154) |
| Diastolic BP (IQR), mm Hg | 79 (71–87) | 80 (72–89) |
| eGFR (IQR), mL/min/1.73m2 | 79.2 (65.8–93.1) | 79.0 (65.2–93.0) |
| Serum Lipids, mg/dl | ||
| Total Cholesterol | 182 (157–209) | 180 (157–208) |
| HDL Cholesterol | 41 (35–50) | 40 (34–49) |
| LDL Cholesterol | 107 (86–131) | 105 (85–129) |
| Triglycerides | 137 (93–205) | 145 (98–218) |
| Smoking history, % | ||
| Never | 24.6 | 22.7 |
| Former | 51.4 | 53.9 |
| Current | 24.1 | 23.4 |
| Comorbidities, % | ||
| Diabetes | 28.1 | 38.4 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3.3 | 4.0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 28.2 | 29.5 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5.7 | 7.0 |
| COPD | 11.8 | 12.0 |
| All malignancies | 9.5 | 9.7 |
| Anti-hypertensive drugs, % | ||
| ACE-Inhibitors/ARBs | 61.4 | 68.4 |
| Beta Blockers | 37.5 | 42.4 |
| Alpha Blockers | 14.8 | 15.9 |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | 26.7 | 35.1 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 31.9 | 44.1 |
| Loop diuretics | 7.5 | 6.6 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 6.9 | 6.4 |
| Vasodilators | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Number of AHDs at cohort entry (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) |
Most between-group comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.01 for all other baseline variables) except for age, ethnicity, baseline eGFR, COPD and malignancy.
Tabulated values for medication usage (and other variables) represent baseline values (at or prior to cohort entry) not time of ATRH ascertainment. At the time of ATRH ascertainment 100% of ATRH participants were on ≥ 3 drugs including a Thiazide (eTable 1).
Others: Asian, Pacific Islanders/Hawaiian, Native American and unspecified.
Abbreviations: ACE indicates angiotensin converting enzyme; AHDs, antihypertensive drugs; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, Hypertension.