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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2021 Jun 21;78(2):376–386. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16181

Table 3b.

Effect of ATRH on incident ESKD among African-Americans with HTN in models adjusted for APOL1 risk alleles.

Parameters/Models Non-Resistant HTN Apparent Treatment-resistant HTN
Incident ESKD cases 675 199
Hazard ratios (95% CI)
  Model 1b 1.00 (ref) 2.27 (1.92–2.64)
  Model 2b 1.00 (ref) 1.97 (1.65–2.34)
  Model 3b 1.00 (ref) 1.98 (1.66–2.35)

Model 1b: adjusted for age (restricted cubic splines with 4 knots), sex (M/F), 10 principal components of ancestry (PCs), baseline eGFR (restricted cubic splines with 4 knots) and calendar year of cohort entry (4 categories of 3 consecutive years).

Model 2b includes model 1b+ smoking (never, former, current) + BMI (restricted cubic splines with 4 knots) + serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol; all restricted cubic splines with 4 knots) + history of Cancer, COPD, diabetes, CAD, PAD and stroke (all yes/no). Model 3b includes model 2b + APOL1 risk alleles (2 dummy variables for patients with 1 and 2 risk alleles; with the no risk allele group as the referent).

Abbreviations: APOL1, apolipoprotein L1; ATRH, apparent treatment resistant hypertension; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PAD, peripheral artery disease.