Table 2.

Co-design activities for Phase 1 discovery and design workshops

Co-design element	Purpose	Activities
1. Empathizing	Understand the end user experience	Independent reflection using Empathy and Journey Maps Small and large group discussion
2. Identifying needs	Articulate and prioritize the root problems or needs based on the end user experience	Independent brainstorm of needs Small and large group discussion of needs and their prioritization
3. Ideating	Brainstorm solutions that will respond to the prioritized needs	Small and large group discussion
4. Rapid prototyping	Rapidly design low-fidelity prototypes to be considered for future development in the real-world context	Pitch activity Small and large group discussion