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. 2021 Jun 16;18(14):3059–3065. doi: 10.7150/ijms.61153

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The upstream mechanism of microglial activation in NMOSD. (1) IL-6 activates microglia by directly binding to IL-6R/gp130 (classical signalling) or sIL-6R (trans-signalling), leading to STAT3 activation and ultimately promoting the gene expression of iNOS, IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α. (2) In response to IFN-I, STAT1 is activated in microglia, resulting in the gene expression of 2'5'-OAS, CD86, MHC-I and MHC-II. IL-6, interleukin-6; IFN-I: type I interferon; sIL-6R, soluble IL-6R; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; MHC, major histocompatibility complex.