Table 1.
Summary of the bioink compositions and the selection criteria used in the present study
| Bioink | ß-TCP (%) | Gelatin (%) | CMC (% of ß-TCP) | Selection criteria | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Printable | Handleable | Sinterable | ||||
| Original formulations | ||||||
| 50 TCP | 50 | 50 | – | N | – | – |
| 55 TCP | 55 | 45 | – | Y | Y | N |
| 60 TCP | 60 | 40 | – | Y | Y | N |
| 65 TCP | 65 | 35 | – | Y | Y | N |
| 70 TCP | 70 | 30 | – | Y | Y | Y |
| 75 TCP | 75 | 25 | – | Y | Y | Y |
| 80 TCP | 80 | 20 | – | Y | N | – |
| 85 TCP | 85 | 15 | – | Y | N | – |
| 90 TCP | 90 | 10 | – | Y | N | – |
| New formulations | ||||||
| 65 TCP + 1 CMC | 65 | 35 | 1 | Y | Y | N |
| 65 TCP + 3 CMC | 65 | 35 | 3 | Y | Y | Y |
| 65 TCP + 5 CMC | 65 | 35 | 5 | N | – | – |
| 70 TCP + 1 CMC | 70 | 30 | 1 | Y | Y | Y |
| 70 TCP + 3 CMC | 70 | 30 | 3 | Y | Y | Y |
| 70 TCP + 5 CMC | 70 | 30 | 5 | N | – | – |
| 75 TCP + 1 CMC | 75 | 25 | 1 | Y | Y | Y |
| 75 TCP + 3 CMC | 75 | 25 | 3 | Y | Y | Y |
| 75 TCP + 5 CMC | 75 | 25 | 5 | N | – | – |
The initial bioinks did not include carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), only the later formulations did. The new formulations were based on the most successful original compositions (i.e., those which allowed for printing, handling, and sintering)
Y successful, N not successful, “–” not tested because the bioink was either not printable or not handleable