Table 1.

The anti-cancer effects of ROS

Function	Result	Effect
Decrease EGF and EGFR expression	Inhibit the proliferation signaling pathway	Inhibit cancer cell proliferation
Inhibit EGFR phosphorylation
Reduce JAK1, JAK2, and Src phosphorylation	Cell cycle arrest
Promote CDK1 phosphorylation
Suppress cyclin B1 and CDK1 expression
Inactivate cdc25B,
Activate p53
Activate MAPK	Decrease de novo nucleotide biosynthesis
Activate PARP	Cause ATP depletion
Cause Ca2+ ions release from the ER lumen	Induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis	Lead to cancer cell death
Oxidize cardiolipin	Trigger mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Activate ASK-1
Trigger cancer cell DNA damage	Activate P53-medicated apoptosis
Reverses the R273H mutant P53 protein
Reactivate the R175H mutant P53 protein