Table 1.
Common syndromes associated with UTIs and recommended antibiotics
| Syndrome | Route | Antibiotic |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic Guidelinesa | CARPAb | PCCMc | |||
| Cystitis | Oral | amoxicillin or ampicillin | amoxicillin/ampicillin (pregnant women onlyd) | ||
| amoxicillin/clavulanate | amoxicillin/clavulanate (children only) | amoxicillin/clavulanate (pregnant women only) | |||
| cefalexine | cefalexin (excl. children) | cefalexine | |||
| ciprofloxacin (excl. pregnant women) | |||||
| fosfomycin (excl. pregnant women and children) | |||||
| nitrofurantoin (excl. children) | nitrofurantoin (pregnant women only) | nitrofurantoine (excl. women near delivery) | |||
| norfloxacin (excl. pregnant women) | |||||
| trimethoprim (incl. women in 2nd/3rd trimester) | trimethoprim (excl. pregnant women and children) | trimethoprim (excl. pregnant women) | |||
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (excl. pregnant women, empirical for children) | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazolee (children only) | ||||
| Pyelonephritis | non-severe | Oral | amoxicillin/ampicillin | ||
| amoxicillin/clavulanate (not empirical for pregnant women) | amoxicillin/clavulanate (children only) | ||||
| cefalexin (empirical for children) | cefalexin (adults only) | cefalexine | |||
| ciprofloxacine (excl. pregnant women) | |||||
| trimethoprim (incl. women in 2nd/3rd trimester, empirical for children) | trimethoprim (adults only) | trimethoprim (excl. pregnant women) | |||
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazolee (excl. pregnant women, empirical for children) | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazolee (children only) | ||||
| severe | IV | cefotaximee | |||
| ceftriaxonee | ceftriaxone (excl. children) | ceftriaxone (pregnant women only) | |||
| gentamicin (+amoxicillin or ampicillin) | gentamicin (+amoxicillin or ampicillin) (children only) | gentamicin (+amoxicillin or ampicillin) (excl. pregnant women) | |||
| Prophylaxis | Oral | cefalexin | cefalexin (pregnant women only) | ||
| nitrofurantoin (excl. women near delivery) | |||||
| trimethoprim (excl. pregnant women) | |||||
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (children only) | |||||
| Sepsis | IV | cefotaximee | |||
| ceftriaxonee | ceftriaxone (pregnant women only) | ||||
| gentamicin (+amoxicillin or ampicillin) | |||||
| meropenem | |||||
Antibiotics recommended as empirical therapy are shown in bold font.
a
Electronic Therapeutic Guidelines—Antibiotics (eTG).16 Recommended against ESBLs: amoxicillin/clavulanate, fosfomycin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin.
b
Remote Primary Health Care Manuals, Standard Treatment Manual (7th edition).15
c
Primary Clinical Care Manual 10th edition 2019.17 Note: specific antibiotics not included for children.
d
Group B Streptococcus positive.
e
Alternative if first-line treatment cannot be used (e.g. penicillin allergy or contraindiction).