Table 1.
Patient characteristics by renin tertile at first measurement
| Patient demographic | Tertile 1 (n = 94) | Tertile 2 (n = 93) | Tertile 3 (n = 93) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum renin (pg/ml) | 7.2 (3.1–12.4) | 40.7 (29.9–60.1) | 355.3 (180.4–1032.1) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 61.5 (47–71) | 59 (50–66.5) | 53 (40.5–64) | 0.004 |
| Sex (% male) | 53 (56.4%) | 53 (57.0%) | 57 (61.3%) | 0.760 |
| Race (%) | 0.649 | |||
| White | 75 (79.8%) | 74 (79.6%) | 71 (76.3%) | |
| Black | 10 (10.6%) | 9 (9.7%) | 7 (7.5%) | |
| Other | 9 (9.6%) | 10 (10.8%) | 15 (16.1%) | |
| Weight (kg) | 77.7 (65.1–95.3) | 88.0 (75.3–105.2) | 89.8 (72.8–113.4) | 0.006 |
| ICU (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Surgical | 46 (48.9%) | 37 (39.8%) | 18 (19.4%) | |
| Medical | 33 (35.1%) | 34 (36.6%) | 48 (51.6%) | |
| Cardiac | 15 (16.0%) | 22 (23.7%) | 27 (29.0%) | |
| Diabetes (%) | 23 (24.5%) | 26 (28.0%) | 25 (26.9%) | 0.858 |
| Hypertension (%) | 50 (53.2%) | 47 (50.5%) | 49 (52.7%) | 0.928 |
| Heart failure (%) | 20 (21.3%) | 20 (21.5%) | 31 (33.3%) | 0.096 |
| Liver disease (%) | 8 (8.5%) | 14 (15.1%) | 25 (26.9%) | 0.003 |
| Cancer (%) | 28 (29.8%) | 23 (24.7%) | 22 (23.9%) | 0.613 |
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.274 |
| Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 89 (78–101) | 88 (75–100) | 91 (77–105) | 0.746 |
| Non-renal APACHE II | 15 (10–20) | 17 (10.5–22) | 19 (12.5–24) | 0.009 |
| Non-renal SOFA | 5 (2–8) | 5 (2–9) | 8 (5–12) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) | 0.566 |
| Number of vasopressors/inotropes | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 44 (46.8%) | 47 (50.5%) | 62 (66.7%) | 0.015 |
| Serum creatinine at first renin measurement (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.7–1.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) | 1.8 (0.9–3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury (%) | 30 (31.9%) | 52 (55.9%) | 63 (67.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Stage 2a | 2 (6.7%) | 12 (23.1%) | 8 (12.7%) | |
| Stage 3a | 28 (93.3%) | 40 (76.9%) | 55 (87.3%) | |
| Serum NGAL at first renin measurement (ng/ml) | 119 (69–288) | 226 (88–421) | 240 (80–757) | 0.018 |
ICU intensive care unit, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
aAs percent of all acute kidney injury cases