Table 1.
Crude plant extracts showing alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity
| Plant name | Family | Part used | Type of extract | Enzyme source | IC50a extract (mg/mL) | IC50 control (mg/mL) | Bioavailability | Toxicity | Clinical studies | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenosma bracteosum | Scrophulariaceae | Aerial parts | Ethanolic extract | ndb | 0.027 | Acarbose (0.088) | nd | nd | nd | Nguyen et al. (2020) |
| Aqueous extract | 0.043 | |||||||||
| Annona senegalensis | Annonaceae | Leaves | Ethanolic extract | Yeast | 0.097 | Acarbose (0.12129) | nd | The methanolic extract of Annona senegalensis showed no toxic effects in mice up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg | nd | Onwusonye et al. (2014), Ibrahim et al. (2019) |
| Chrysophyllum cainito | Sapotaceae | Stem bark | Aqueous extract | Yeast | 0.0012 | Acarbose (0.198) | nd | Different extracts obtained from the leaves of Chrysophyllum cainito showed no toxicity or mortality and no changes in the body weight was observed when the extract administrated in rats | nd | Shailajan and Gurjar (2014), Doan et al. (2018) |
| Ensete superbum | Musaceae | Seeds | Methanolic extract | Yeast | 0.0018 | Acarbose (0.1215) | nd | The extract of Ensete superbum pseudostem showed no signs of toxicity or mortality at 2000 mg/kg dosage | nd | Ganesan and Natesan (2017), Habtemariam and Varghese (2017) |
| Hertia cheirifolia | Compositae | Flowers | Petroleum ether extract | Fungi | 0.242 | Acarbose (0.282) | nd | The oral administration of (2000 mg/kg b. w.) of the methanol extract of Hertia cheirifolia did not produce any signs of toxicity in mice for 14 days | nd | Bouriche et al. (2016), Majouli et al. (2017) |
| Ethyl acetate extract | 0.437 | |||||||||
| Butanol extract | 0.421 | |||||||||
| Homalium zeylanicum | Flacourtiaceae | Barks | Ethanolic extract | nd | 0.019 | Acarbose (0.016) | nd | nd | nd | Sahoo et al. (2017) |
| Hypericum hircinum | Hypericaceae | Aerial parts | Ethanolic extract | nd | 0.014 | Acarbose (0.068) | nd | nd | nd | Mandrone et al. (2017) |
| Hypericum scruglii | Hypericaceae | Aerial parts | Ethanolic extract | nd | 0.00725 | nd | nd | nd | ||
| Liquidambar formosana | Hamamelidaceae | Leaves | Ethanolic extract | Yeast | 0.059 | Acarbose (0.0013) | nd | nd | nd | Zhang et al. (2017) |
| Mallotus japonicas | Euphorbiaceae | Leaves | Methanolic extract | Yeast | 0.0084 | Quercetin (0.0042) | nd | nd | nd | Ndrianingsih et al. (2015) |
| Podocarpus macrophyllus | Podocarpaceae | 0.0452 | nd | nd | nd | |||||
| Quercus dentata | Fagaceae | 0.042 | nd | nd | nd | |||||
| Quercus gilva | 0.11 | nd | nd | nd | ||||||
| Quercus glauca | 0.0447 | nd | nd | nd | ||||||
| Quercus phillyraeoides | 0.0098 | nd | nd | nd | ||||||
| Xylosoma congestum | Salicaceae | 0.1823 | nd | nd | nd |
aIC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
bnd, not determined