(A) mRNA levels of ClpP, HSP60, and UBL5 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with 2 mM MPP+ for 2 and 8 h. (B) Total protein lysates were harvested from SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with 2 mM MPP+ for 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h and subjected to Western blot analyses with the indicated antibodies. The histogram shows the relative density of ATF5. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Data are compared with one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.