Table 2.
Measurement.
| Measurement | Study 1 (Time 1) |
Study 1 (Time 2) |
Study 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) or percentage | α | M (SD) | α | M (SD) | α | |
| Perceived availability | ||||||
| On the scale of 1–5, how soon or far in the future do you think the COVID-19 vaccine will be available to you? (1 = very soon; 5 = very far) | 3.23 (0.84) | – | 2.44 (0.97) | – | 3.23 (1.13) | – |
| Perceived distance | ||||||
| Temporal distance | 3.16 (0.76) | 0.77 | – | – | 3.11 (0.84) | 0.70 |
| Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement: The COVID-19 vaccine will be available to me very soon. (reverse coded) (1 “strongly disagree” to 5 “strongly agree) | 3.47 (0.88) | – | – | – | 3.04 (1.06) | – |
| The COVID-19 vaccine will NOT be available to me until very far in the future. | 2.85 (0.96) | – | – | – | 3.01 (1.10) | – |
| I will have to wait for a long time before the COVID-19 vaccine become available to me. | 3.18 (0.91) | – | – | – | 3.29 (1.03) | – |
| Hypothetical distance | 2.92 (0.85) | 0.78 | – | – | 2.89 (0.79) | 0.65 |
| I am uncertain whether the COVID-19 vaccine will be available to me. | 2.96 (1.07) | – | – | – | 2.99 (1.11) | – |
| It is hard to predict whether the COVID-19 vaccine will be available to me. | 3.27 (1.08) | – | – | – | 3.34 (1.07) | – |
| I am certain that the COVID-19 vaccine will be available to me. (reverse coded) | 2.53 (0.92) | – | – | – | 2.34 (0.92) | – |
| Spatial distance | 2.25 (0.67) | 0.77 | – | – | 2.41 (0.70) | 0.58 |
| The COVID-19 vaccine will likely be available in my area. (reverse coded) | 2.14 (0.74) | – | – | – | 2.20 (0.85) | – |
| People in my neighborhood will likely be able to get the COVID-19 vaccine. (reverse coded) | 2.31 (0.76) | – | – | – | 2.34 (0.89) | – |
| The COVID-19 vaccine will likely be only available in places far away from my community. | 2.30 (0.93) | – | – | – | 2.70 (1.11) | – |
| Social distance | 2.34 (0.70) | 0.8 | – | – | 2.43 (0.73) | 0.63 |
| The COVID-19 vaccine will likely be available to people like me. (reverse coded) | 2.23 (0.80) | – | – | – | 2.23 (0.89) | – |
| It will be hard for people like me to get the COVID-19 vaccine. | 2.52 (0.93) | – | – | – | 2.77 (1.10 | – |
| The COVID-19 vaccine will likely be available to my family and friends. (reverse coded) | 2.26 (0.74) | – | – | – | 2.30 (0.87) | – |
| Perceived barriers | ||||||
| Global barrier | ||||||
| Safety concern | 3.31 (1.23) | 0.88 | 2.82 (1.51) | 0.94 | – | – |
| When the COVID-19 vaccine is available to you, how much would the following factors prevent you from getting the COVID-19 vaccine? - Concerns about whether the COVID-19 vaccine is safe. (1 “very little” to 5 “a great deal”) | 3.39 (1.38) | – | 2.82 (1.59) | – | – | – |
| Not enough research done on the COVID-19 vaccine | 3.36 (1.36) | – | 2.68 (1.60) | – | – | – |
| I have concerns about possible side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine | 3.18 (1.37) | – | 2.97 (1.58) | – | – | – |
| Relevance | ||||||
| I don't think I need a COVID-19 vaccine | 1.57 (1.13) | – | 1.90 (1.38) | – | – | – |
| Practical Barriers | ||||||
| Fear of shot | 1.37 (0.72) | 0.78 | 1.39 (0.71) | 0.77 | – | – |
| I'm worried it may hurt a lot to receive the COVID-19 vaccine | 1.48 (0.92) | – | 1.48 (0.90) | – | – | – |
| Fear of shots and needles | 1.38 (0.88) | – | 1.41 (0.89) | – | – | – |
| I have concerns about fainting if I get vaccine shots | 1.27 (0.77) | – | 1.29 (0.79) | – | – | – |
| Logistics | 1.51 (0.65) | 0.55 | 1.40 (0.61) | 0.57 | – | – |
| I am not sure where to get a COVID-19 vaccine | 1.91 (1.12) | – | 1.62 (1.07) | – | – | – |
| Getting a COVID-19 vaccine may take too much time | 1.38 (0.81) | – | 1.33 (0.72) | – | – | – |
| I am too busy to get vaccinated | 1.24 (0.69) | – | 1.25 (0.66) | – | – | – |
| Cost | 2.01 (1.07) | 0.8 | 1.36 (0.73) | 0.77 | – | – |
| Vaccine cost (it's too expensive) | 2.32 (1.38) | – | 1.40 (0.90) | – | – | – |
| I'm not sure how to file the insurance claim to get reimbursed | 1.72 (1.11) | – | 1.33 (0.83) | – | – | – |
| My insurance may not cover the COVID-19 vaccine | 1.98 (1.28) | – | 1.36 (0.91) | – | – | – |
| Intention (study 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Do you plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine when it is available to you? - Yes | 52.70% | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 13.70% | – | – | – | – | – |
| Not sure | 33.60% | – | – | – | – | – |
| Intention (study 2) | – | – | – | – | 3.68 (1.33) | 0.95 |
| One the scale of 1 (very unlikely) to 5 (very likely), please indicate the likelihood that you will: Consider getting the COVID-19 vaccine. | – | – | – | – | 3.80 (1.36) | – |
| … try to get the COVID-19 vaccine. | – | – | – | – | 3.64 (1.40) | – |
| … actually get vaccinated for COVID-19. | – | – | – | – | 3.60 (1.41) | – |