Figure 1. Naïve T cell homeostasis.
A. Both, naïve CD4+ and naïve CD8+ T cells decrease in absolute numbers with age with the latter decreasing more drastically. B. Naïve T cell replenishment is maintained by thymic output and homeostatic proliferation in neonates. At age 20 years, thymic output has dropped to less than 20% with further decline to <1%; homeostatic proliferation accounts for the majority of naïve T cell generation throughout adulthood. C. The distribution of clonal sizes (illustrated by boxes) widens with age. Occurrences of larger clones in the naïve T cell compartment increase, associated with increased fitness selection over lifetime. D. The number of TCR in the T cell repertoire rapidly increases within the first decade of life and declines with older age. Computer simulations predict that the confidence interval of this decline is large.