Table 1.

Studies highlighting the role of fungicide application on endophytes.

S. No.	Plant	Application	Effect on endophytes	Reference
1	Tall Fescue	Foliar spray	Significant reduction in leaf endophytic load	Williams et al., 1984
2	Tall Fescue	Foliar spray	Seedling endophyte abundance rates were higher when terrazole or chloroneb was applied compared with no fungicide or propiconazole	Hill and Brown, 2000
3	Rye grass and tall Fescue	Seed treatment	Endophyte load was reduced by more than 60% in leaf sheath	Leyronas et al., 2006
4	Mangifera indica	Foliar spray	Reduction in the colonization frequency of fungal endophytes in leaves	Mohandoss and Suryanarayanan, 2009
5	Rye grass	Foliar spray	Neotyphodium endophyte AR37 transmission into germinating seedlings was reduced by two different de methylation-inhibitor fungicides	Chynoweth et al., 2012
6	Wheat	Foliar application	Inhibited the growth of endophytic yeast-like and filamentous fungi on wheat kernels	Wachowska et al., 2013
7	Wheat	Foliar application	Causes significant difference in the relative abundance and diversity of non-target fungi in wheat leaves	Karlsson et al., 2014
8	Barley	Seed dressing	No effect on seed endophytes offered as seed dressing; improved seedling growth	Murphy et al., 2017
9	Oats	Seed dressing	No effect on seed endophytes offered as seed dressing; improved seedling growth	Murphy et al., 2017
10	Phaseolus vulgaris	Foliar application	Changes in the composition of epiphytic and endophytic community in leaves	Prior et al., 2017
11	Vicia faba	Foliar application	Changes in the composition of epiphytic and endophytic community in leaves	Prior et al., 2017
12	Perennial ryegrass	Foliar spray	No detrimental effect on AR37 endophyte content in seed	Cruz et al., 2018
13	Tomato	Root drenching	No effect on root endophyte	Malandrakis et al., 2018
14	Grapevine	Hot water dipping in combination with fungicide (stem cutting treatment)	Reduced incidence of endophytic fungi in the stem cuttings	Gorur and Akgul, 2019
15	Grapevine	Foliar spray	Wood mycobiome of grapevine cuttings is significantly affected by fungicide application	Del Frari et al., 2019
16	Rice	Soil application	No detrimental effect on root endophytes	Shen et al., 2019
17	Soybean	Foliar application during pod setting	Affects endophytes differentially; Alternaria increased while Diaporthe spp. decreased in leaves and stems	Batzer and Mueller, 2020
18	Nicotiana tabacum	Seed dressing	Reduces prevalence of seed bacterial endophytes	Chen et al., 2020
19	Wheat	Media amended with fungicides	Two dark septate endophytes, namely, Alternaria alternata and Cochliobolus sp. were tolerant to glyphosate, carbendazim and cypermethrin in vitro	Spagnoletti and Chiocchio, 2020
20	Tea plant	Foliar spray	Reduction in colonization of treated tissues (bark, xylem, old leaves and new leaves)	Win et al., 2021