Table 1.
Effect of lysine acetylation on major metabolic enzymes in the heart.
| Metabolic pathway | Enzymes | Effect on enzyme activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid oxidation | LCAD | ↑, ↓ | (53, 83, 145) |
| β-HAD | ↑ | (53, 83) | |
| MCAD | ↑ | (146) | |
| MCD | ↑ | (73) | |
| Glucose oxidation | PDH | ↓ | (53, 83, 147) |
| MPC | ↓ | (148) | |
| Glycolysis | HK | ↓ | (100) |
| PGM | ↓ | (100) | |
| GLUT4 | ↓ | (149) | |
| Insulin signaling | Akt | ↓ | (147, 150) |
| TCA cycle | ICDH | ↓,⇔ | (151) |
| SDH | ↓ | (81) | |
| ACON | ↑ | (152) | |
| ETC | Complex I | ↓ | (24, 153) |
| Complex III | ↓ | (24) | |
| Complex V | ↓ | (24, 153) |
GLUT4, glucose transporter isoform 4; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; LCAD, long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase; β-HAD, β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase; ICDH, iso-citrate dehydrogenase; MCAD, medium-chain acyl CoA-dehydrogenase; MCD, malonyl CoA decarboxylase; MPC, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase; ETC, electron transport chain; Akt, protein kinase B; PGM, phosphoglucomutase; ACON, aconitase; HK, hexokinase; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; ↑, increased activity; ↓, decreased activity; ⇔, no change in the activity of the enzyme.