Table 2.
Comparison of Colonization and Infection Episodes During the 2 Study Periods
| Characteristic | ICU Admissions Period 1 (N=1345), No. (%) |
ICU Admissions Period 2 (N=1367), No. (%) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of samples processed | |||
| Rectal swabs | 750 | 1,118 | |
| Respiratory specimens (BAL and or BAS) | 2,632 | 2,469 | |
| Carbapenemase-producing Enterobactericeae | |||
| Colonization | 37 (2.8) | 35 (2.6) | .81 |
| Rectal | 36/37 (97.3) | 32/35 (91.4) | |
| Respiratory | 1/37 (2.7) | 3/35 (8.5) | |
| Mechanism of resistance | .006 | ||
| KPC | 33/37 (89.2) | 22/35 (62.8) | |
| OXA-48 | 0 | 6/35 (17.1) | |
| VIM | 2/37 (5.4) | 7/35 (20) | |
| NDM | 2/37 (5.4) | 0 | |
| Infection | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | .68 |
| BSI | 2/3 (70) | 1/2 (50) | |
| LRTI | 1/3 (30) | 1/2 (50) | |
| Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii | |||
| Colonization | 5 (0.4) | 32 (2.3) | <.001 |
| Rectal | 0 | 5/32 (15) | |
| Respiratory | 5/5 (100%) | 16/32 (50) | |
| Other | 0 | 16/32 (34) | |
| Infection | 4 (0.3) | 23 (1.7) | <.001 |
| BSI | 0 | 9/23 (39) | |
| LRTI | 4/4 (100%) | 14/23 (60.8) | |
Note. BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; BAS, bronchoalveolar aspirate; KPC Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing; NDM, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase–producing; BSI, bloodstream infection; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.