Table 3:
Baseline characteristics of patients by ethnic group: Charlson comorbidity index
| Characteristics | Chinese | South Asian | General | Overall | p-Value | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1,186 | N = 3,459 | N = 42,547 | N = 47,192 | Chinese vs General | South Asian vs General | |
| Charlson comorbidity index (past 5 years from index) | ||||||
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 14 (1.2%) | 32 (0.9%) | 515 (1.2%) | 561 (1.2%) | 0.926 | 0.137 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 27 (2.3%) | 46 (1.3%) | 1,123 (2.6%) | 1,196 (2.5%) | 0.441 | <.001 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 8 (0.7%) | 8 (0.2%) | 309 (0.7%) | 325 (0.7%) | 0.836 | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 33 (2.8%) | 32 (0.9%) | 963 (2.3%) | 1,028 (2.2%) | 0.237 | <.001 |
| Dementia | 62 (5.2%) | 48 (1.4%) | 2,136 (5.0%) | 2,246 (4.8%) | 0.747 | <.001 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or other Respiratory diseases | 12 (1.0%) | 27 (0.8%) | 965 (2.3%) | 1,004 (2.1%) | 0.004 | <.001 |
| Rheumatic-like Diseases | ≤5 | ≤5 | 119 (0.3%) | 124 (0.3%) | 0.365 | 0.002 |
| Ulcers of the Digestive System | 7 (0.6%) | 11 (0.3%) | 230 (0.5%) | 248 (0.5%) | 0.818 | 0.081 |
| Liver Disease - Mild | ≤5 | ≤5 | 150 (0.4%) | 158 (0.3%) | 0.382 | 0.004 |
| Diabetes - No Chronic Complications | 41 (3.5%) | 73 (2.1%) | 1,020 (2.4%) | 1,134 (2.4%) | 0.019 | 0.287 |
| Diabetes with Chronic Complications | 47 (4.0%) | 100 (2.9%) | 1,845 (4.3%) | 1,992 (4.2%) | 0.533 | <.001 |
| Hemiplegia or Paraplegia | 8 (0.7%) | 13 (0.4%) | 315 (0.7%) | 336 (0.7%) | 0.794 | 0.014 |
| Renal (Kidney) Disease | 14 (1.2%) | 20 (0.6%) | 661 (1.6%) | 695 (1.5%) | 0.304 | <.001 |
| Cancer (No secondary found) | 16 (1.3%) | 26 (0.8%) | 615 (1.4%) | 657 (1.4%) | 0.784 | <.001 |
| Liver Disease - Moderate or Severe | *3–8 | *3–8 | 70 (0.2%) | 80 (0.2%) | 0.499 | 0.191 |
| Cancer (Metastatic - secondary) | *8–12 | ≤5 | 166 (0.4%) | 181 (0.4%) | 0.004 | 0.01 |
| Mean ± SD | 0.38 ± 1.14 | 0.19 ± 0.80 | 0.37 ± 1.11 | 0.36 ± 1.09 | 0.676 | <.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.918 | <.001 |
| Charlson category | 0.995 | <.001 | ||||
| 0 | 1,011 (85.2%) | 3,181 (92.0%) | 36,290 (85.3%) | 40,482 (85.8%) | ||
| 1 | 64 (5.4%) | 113 (3.3%) | 2,268 (5.3%) | 2,445 (5.2%) | ||
| ≥2 | 111 (9.4%) | 165 (4.8%) | 3,989 (9.4%) | 4,265 (9.0%) |
IQR = interquartile range, SD = standard deviation.