Table 1.
Study summary.
| Article | Participants | Treatment type | Region/bands of focus | Task type | Primary analysis method | Framework | Primary finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andreou et al. (35) | OCD: n = 76, control: n = 71 | Behavior therapy and SSRI | 32 channels (29 channel cap + 3 referenced to Cz) | Auditory oddball. eyes closed. | Two-tailed t-tests for independent samples; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient | Correlation | Increased activity for OCD patients in networks implicated with P300. Reduced with treatment. |
| Carmi et al. (32) | OCD: N = 41, HF: n = 16, LF: n = 8, Sham: n = 14 | Deep TMS: High-frequency (20 Hz), low-frequency (1 Hz), sham | Cz, Theta Band | Stroop | Mixed ANOVA | Correlation | Treatment-related reductions found in ERN following Deep TMS |
| Dohrmann et al. (50) | N = 51, 30 F | CBT and pharmacotherapy | 31 electrodes (Fp1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, z/Fc1, 2, 5, 6/C3, 4 z/FT9, 10/T7, 8/CP5, 6/TP9, 10/P3, 4, 7, 8, z/O1, 2/PO9, 10) | Resting state, 15 min | Multi-variate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) | Prediction | CNS arousal markers discriminates between OCD treatment responders and non-responders. |
| Figee et al. (44) | OCD = 16, control = 13 | Deep brain stimulation | International 10/10 system with 64 electrodes | Symptom provocation | Repeated measures ANOVA | Correlation | DBS attenuated the brain's frontal response to symptom provoking stimuli |
| Fontenelle et al. (57) | OCD: n = 17, (responder = 10, non-responder = 7) | 12 weeks + of medication, primarily SRIs, non-SRI tricyclics, other medications prescribed for individual patient needs | International 10/20 System with earlobes as reference | Resting State | SPM-99 t-test for independent samples | Correlation | Lower pretreatment beta band activity in the rostral anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus associated with increased treatment response |
| Krause et al. (56) | N = 41, 18 F (OCD sample) | 10 weeks combination CBT and SSRI (sertraline) | International 10/20 system with Cz as reference and Fpz as ground | Resting state | Linear and robust regression | Prediction | LORETA indicated that brain activity increased in responders and decreased in nonresponders |
| Riesel et al. (30) | OCD: n = 45, 22 F; control: n = 39, 221 F | 30 CBT sessions, some medicated | 64 electrodes, Cz as reference | Flanker Task | Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | Correlation | Pretreatment differences between OCD patients and healthy controls showed stable error-related and correct-related negativity following treatment. |
| Sanz et al. (40) | OCD: n = 19, 10 F; control: n =19, 9 F | Clomipramine (250–300-mg) | International 10–20 system including Pz; 20 tin electrodes inserted in pre-configured cap | Auditory Oddball | Independent Samples t-test | Correlation | P300 varied between healthy controls and treatment-free OCD participants. Increase in P300 after treatment |
| Yamamuro et al. (41) | OCD: n = 14; control: n = 10 | 1 year of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy | Fz, Cz, C3, C4, and Pz | Auditory oddball | Two-tailed paired t-test; Spearman's correlation coefficient | Prediction | Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy improved P300 after 1 year of treatment |
HF, High-frequency; LF, Low-frequency; CBT, Cognitive-behavioral therapy; SSRI, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; DBS, Deep brain stimulation; TMS, Transcranial magnetic stimulation.